Steinmetz:Prunus

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|nameL=Prunus amygdalus amara&&Amygdalus communis amara&&Prunus communis var. amara
 
|nameL=Prunus amygdalus amara&&Amygdalus communis amara&&Prunus communis var. amara

Latest revision as of 21:00, 8 June 2009

General Index
(総索引) 		Medicinal Effect
(薬効一覧)

Contents


[edit] Prunus amygdalus amara

Also known as (or relevant to)
Family
Amygdalaceae
English Names
  • Bitter Almond tree
Natural Habitat
  • Western Asia
  • Palestine
  • North Africa; cultivated in the European Mediterranean countries (mainly Sicily)
Part(s) Used
  • Oleum Amygdalarum amararum
  • Semen Amygdali amarum
  • Placenta Amygdalarum amarum
Constituent(s)
  • fixed fatty oil (Oleum Amygdalae)
  • amygdalin
  • proteids
  • albumen
  • mucilage
  • sugar
  • - When water is added
  • hydrocyanic acid is formed
Action
  • emollient
  • demulcent
  • laxative
  • sedative in coughs
  • etc.
  • diuretic
  • attenuent



[edit] Prunus amygdalus dulcis

Also known as (or relevant to)
Family
Amygdalaceae
English Names
  • Sweet Almond tree
Natural Habitat
  • Western Asia
  • Palestine
  • North Africa; cultivated in the European Mediterranean countries (mainly Spain
  • Southern France)
Part(s) Used
  • Oleum Amygdalarum dulce
  • Semen Amygdali dulce
  • Placenta Amygdalarum dulce
Constituent(s)
  • fixed fatty oil (Oleum Amygdalae)
  • proteids
  • albuminous matter
  • mucilage
  • sugar
  • enzymes
Action
  • emollient
  • demulcent
  • nutritive. - Sweet almonds can be used as a sedative in diseases of the respiratory organs



[edit] Prunus armeniaca

Also known as (or relevant to)
Family
Amygdalaceae
English Names
  • Apricot
Natural Habitat
  • Northern China
  • Armenia
  • Turkestan
  • Himalayas; cultivated in Southern Europe and Mediterranean countries
  • India
Part(s) Used
  • Fructus Armeniaceae
  • Folia Armeniaceae
  • Semen Armeniaceae
  • Oleum Armeniaceae
Constituent(s)
  • fruit: copper
  • vitamins A and C
  • sugar
  • acids
  • mineral salts
  • colouring matter; seed: amygdalin
  • fatty oil
  • invertin
  • prussic acid
Action
  • leaf: astringent
  • pectoral; fruit: nutritive; kernel: antispasmodic
  • pectoral
  • demulcent
  • sedative
  • anthelmintic
  • used instead of almonds
  • but considered toxic; flower: tonic
  • aphrodisiac. The fruit is wholesome and very good for anaemic people; oil: used as a substitute for almond oil



[edit] Prunus avium

Also known as (or relevant to)
Family
Amygdalaceae
English Names
  • Sweet Cherry
  • Gean
Natural Habitat
  • Europe
  • Western Asia
Part(s) Used
  • Fructus
  • Caulis
Constituent(s)
  • fruit: sugar
  • vitamine A
Action
  • fruit: nutritive; stalk: tonic
  • slightly astringent

Links


[edit] Prunus cerasus

Also known as (or relevant to)
Family
Rosaceae
English Names
  • Agriot
  • Sour Cherry
Natural Habitat
  • Europe
  • Balkan
  • North America
  • Canada
  • Asia Minor
  • Himalayas
Part(s) Used
  • Cortex Cerasi acidi
  • Folia Cerasi acidi
  • Fructus Cerasi acidi
  • Semen Cerasi acidi
  • Stipites Cerasi acidi = Stipites Cerasorum
  • Gummi Cerasi
Constituent(s)
  • leaf: citric acid
  • tannin
  • dextrose
  • cumarin
  • saccharose; bark: prussic acid
  • amygdalin
  • gum
  • emulsin
  • tannin
  • gallic acid
  • volatile oil
  • starch
  • resin: root-bark: phloridzin (glucoside); stalk: tannin; fruit: invert-sugar
  • pectin
  • inosit
  • lignin
  • fat
  • essential oil
  • minerals
  • red colouring matter
Action
  • stalk: diuretic
  • refreshing
  • astringent
  • pectoral; bark: pectoral
  • astringent
  • sedative
  • tonic
  • febrifuge
  • antidiarrhoeal; gum: used as a substitute for Gummi arabicum

Links


[edit] Prunus domestica

Also known as (or relevant to)
Family
Amygdalaceae
English Names
  • Prune
  • Plum
Natural Habitat
  • Europe
  • Greece
  • Syria
  • Persia
  • Afghanistan
  • California (U. S. A. )
Part(s) Used
  • Fructus Pruni
Constituent(s)
  • saccharine matter
  • malic acid
  • albuminoid
  • pectic substances
Action
  • laxative
  • nutritive
  • refrigerant
  • demulcent
  • cholagogue

Links


[edit] Prunus laurocerasus

Also known as (or relevant to)
Family
Rosaceae
English Names
  • Cherry-Laurel
Natural Habitat
  • Balkan
  • Persia
  • Asia Minor; cultivated in Europe
Part(s) Used
  • Folia Laurocerasi (the fresh leaves): Oleum Laurocerasi
Constituent(s)
  • laurocerasin
  • phyllin-acid
  • bitter principle
  • sugar
  • tannin
  • prussic acid
  • prulaurasin
  • prunase (enzyme)
  • emulsin
Action
  • sedative
  • anodyne
  • antispasmodic
  • tonic
  • narcotic
  • toxic

Links


[edit] Prunus insititia

Also known as (or relevant to)
Family
Amygdalaceae
English Names
  • Dawson plum
Natural Habitat
  • South-Eastern Europe
  • Asia Minor
Action
  • astringent
  • digestive
  • aperient
  • used as food. P. S. To this species also belong: Prunus syriaca
  • ("Mirabel")
  • Prunus italica ("Reine Claude") and Prunus fruticans (a bastard between Prunus spinosa and Prunus insititia)



[edit] Prunus mahaleb

Also known as (or relevant to)
Family
Amygdalaceae
English Names
  • Mahaleb Cherry
  • Saint Lucie Cherry
Natural Habitat
  • Europe (mainly Germany)
  • eastern Mediterranean countries
Part(s) Used
  • Semen Pruni Mahaleb
Constituent(s)
  • coumarin
  • prussic acid (amygdalin)
  • salicylic acid
Action
  • diuretic
  • stomachic
  • tonic; used in the liqueur industry (Cherry-Brandy) and in perfumery



[edit] Prunus padus

Also known as (or relevant to)
Family
Amygdalaceae
English Names
  • Bird Cherry
Natural Habitat
  • Central- and Southern Europe
  • temperate Asia
  • Atlantic North America
Part(s) Used
  • Cortex Pruni padi
Constituent(s)
  • amygdalin (laurocerasin)
  • gum
  • green colouring matter
  • emulsin
  • gum
  • tannic acid
  • resin. - The seeds yield a poisonous oil like oil of almonds
  • which is employed in medicinal preparations and is remarkable for its siccative properties
Action
  • bark: tonic
  • sedative in coughs etc.
  • antispasmodic
  • febrifuge
  • astringent
  • diuretic
  • sudorific
  • stomachic

Links


[edit] Prunus persica

Also known as (or relevant to)
Family
Rosaceae
English Names
  • Peach
Natural Habitat
  • Southern Europe
  • California
  • China
  • Persia
  • South Africa
Part(s) Used
  • Flores Persicarum
  • Cortex Persicarum
  • Folia Persicarum
  • Semen Persicarurn
  • Oleum nucum Persicarum
Constituent(s)
  • leaf
  • kernel: volatile oil
  • amygdalin; flower: amygdalin; fruit: sugar
  • laevulose
Action
  • flower
  • leaf: diuretic
  • laxative
  • vermifuge
  • soothing
  • sedative
  • febrifuge
  • aromatic; bark: febrifuge
  • vermifuge; fruit: nutritive
  • refreshing
  • demulcent
  • antiscorbutic
  • aperient; oil: demulcent
  • used as a substitute for almond oil; gum: sedative
  • alterative
  • demulcent
  • astringent; kernel: used in confectionery



[edit] Prunus serotina

Also known as (or relevant to)


Natural Habitat
  • Eastern and Central U. S. A.
  • Europe
Part(s) Used
  • Cortex Pruni serotinae (virginianae)
  • the inner part of the root and branches is the most suitable for medicinal purposes
Constituent(s)
  • prunasin (mandelo-nitrile)
  • prunase (containing hydrocyanic acid)
  • scopoletin
  • resin
  • phlobatannin
  • free benzoic acid
Action
  • astringent
  • tonic
  • pectoral
  • sedative; used for preparing Syrupus Pruni serotinae (virginianae) and for the same purposes as the bark of Prunus padus; oil (obtained from the bark): toxic



[edit] Prunus spinosa

Also known as (or relevant to)
Family
Rosaceae
English Names
  • Blackthorn
  • Sloe
Natural Habitat
  • Europe
  • Asia Minor
  • North Africa
Part(s) Used
  • Flores Pruni spinosae = Flores "Acaciae germanicae"
  • Folia Pruni spinosae = Folia "Acaciae"
  • Fructus Pruni spinosae = Fructus "Acaciae"
Constituent(s)
  • leaf: tannin; berry: sugar
  • organic acids
  • vitamin C
  • prunicyanin (colouring matter)
  • resin
  • gum
  • tannin
Action
  • leaf: depurative
  • astringent
  • febrifuge; flower: laxative
  • depurative
  • diuretic
  • emmenagogue
  • astringent
  • vermifuge
  • anti-nephritic: berry: purgative
  • styptic
  • astringent
  • used in making liqueurs

Links

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