Index:PK

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Line 4: Line 4:
 
!width=10%| gene  
 
!width=10%| gene  
 
!width=10%| organism  
 
!width=10%| organism  
−
!width=20%| Ref || Note || Size || C2 ||
+
!width=20%| Ref || Size || C2 || Image
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:1,3,8-Trihydroxyaceto-Naphthalene.Mol|1,3,8-Trihydroxyaceto-Naphthalene]]
 
| [[Mol:1,3,8-Trihydroxyaceto-Naphthalene.Mol|1,3,8-Trihydroxyaceto-Naphthalene]]
Line 11: Line 11:
 
| Aspergillus parvulus
 
| Aspergillus parvulus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| Compound name have not been confirmed. Naphthalene is the base structure of statins.
 
−
|
 
 
| 12
 
| 12
 
| 6
 
| 6
Line 22: Line 20:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| acridine alkaloid, starter is Anthranilic acid
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 3
 
| 3
Line 33: Line 29:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Staunton&Weissman2001
 
| Staunton&Weissman2001
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 44: Line 38:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| quinoline alkaloid, starter is Anthranilic acid
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 1
 
| 1
Line 55: Line 47:
 
| Ammi visnaga
 
| Ammi visnaga
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| furochromones,aromatic pentaketide.The starter unitis derived by decarboxylation.precursor of the well known antiasthmatic furochromones, kehellin and visnagin.PCS,Pentaketide chromone synthase ,plant-speci?c type III PKS
 
−
| Escherichia coli
 
 
| 10
 
| 10
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 66: Line 56:
 
| Aspergillus flaviceps
 
| Aspergillus flaviceps
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| C-methylated analogue of orsellinic acid,the extra methyl is derived from SAM.
 
−
|
 
 
| 8
 
| 8
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 77: Line 65:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 88: Line 74:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 99: Line 83:
 
| Penicillium patulum, Aspergillus terreus
 
| Penicillium patulum, Aspergillus terreus
 
| S. Gaisser, A. Trefzer, S. Stckert, A. Kirshning and A. Bechthold, J. Bacteriol., 1997, 179, 6271?6278.;Staunton&Weissman2001
 
| S. Gaisser, A. Trefzer, S. Stckert, A. Kirshning and A. Bechthold, J. Bacteriol., 1997, 179, 6271?6278.;Staunton&Weissman2001
−
| lack 2 OH group
 
−
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae, E. coli
 
 
| 8
 
| 8
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 110: Line 92:
 
| Streptomyces coelicolor
 
| Streptomyces coelicolor
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
| Streptomyces parvulus
 
 
| 16
 
| 16
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 121: Line 101:
 
| Hypericum perforatum
 
| Hypericum perforatum
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 132: Line 110:
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
 
| Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
−
| Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.The Aspergillus parasiticus polyketide synthase genepksA, a homolog of Aspergillus nidulans wA, is required for aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis
 
−
|
 
 
| 14
 
| 14
 
| 10
 
| 10
Line 143: Line 119:
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| Hexanoate is the starter unit
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 154: Line 128:
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
 
| Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
−
| Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors. Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
 
−
|
 
 
| 11
 
| 11
 
| 10
 
| 10
Line 165: Line 137:
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| Hexanoate is the starter unit
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 176: Line 146:
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| Hexanoate is the starter unit
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 187: Line 155:
 
| Aloe ferox
 
| Aloe ferox
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 15
 
| 15
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 198: Line 164:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
 
| Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 209: Line 173:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 2005,Fujii et al.An iterative type I polyketide synthase PKSN catalyzes synthesis of the decaketide alternapyrone with regio-specific octa-methylation.Chem Biol.
 
| 2005,Fujii et al.An iterative type I polyketide synthase PKSN catalyzes synthesis of the decaketide alternapyrone with regio-specific octa-methylation.Chem Biol.
−
| decaketide-derived a-pyrone with eight methyl branches
 
−
| a-amylase promoter/A. oryzae
 
 
| 20
 
| 20
 
| 10
 
| 10
Line 220: Line 182:
 
| Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternata (formerly known as A. kikuchiana)
 
| Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternata (formerly known as A. kikuchiana)
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| biosynthesized from two polyketide chains. Contribute to disease development in the plant host by the fungus. Condensation if a hexaketide-derived acyl derivative with dihyfrotriacetic acid lactone.
 
−
|
 
 
| 17
 
| 17
 
| 6
 
| 6
Line 231: Line 191:
 
| Alternaria tenuis
 
| Alternaria tenuis
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 14
 
| 14
 
| 7
 
| 7
Line 242: Line 200:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 249: Line 205:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Andrimid .Mol|Andrimid ]]
 
| [[Mol:Andrimid .Mol|Andrimid ]]
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 264: Line 218:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| structurally related to citrinin and and its biosynthesis similar.
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 275: Line 227:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| FK520
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 286: Line 236:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 2009,Fujii.Heterologous expression systems for polyketide synthases.Nat Prod Rep.
 
| 2009,Fujii.Heterologous expression systems for polyketide synthases.Nat Prod Rep.
−
| dodecaketide
 
−
| a-amylase promoter/A. oryzae
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 297: Line 245:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 2009,Fujii.Heterologous expression systems for polyketide synthases.Nat Prod Rep.
 
| 2009,Fujii.Heterologous expression systems for polyketide synthases.Nat Prod Rep.
−
| undecaketide
 
−
| a-amylase promoter/A. oryzae
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 308: Line 254:
 
| Aspergillus melleus
 
| Aspergillus melleus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 8
 
| 8
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 319: Line 263:
 
| Aspergillus nidulans
 
| Aspergillus nidulans
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 8
 
| 8
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 330: Line 272:
 
| Aspergillus nidulans
 
| Aspergillus nidulans
 
| 2007,Bergmann et al.Genomics-driven discovery of PKS-NRPS hybrid metabolites from Aspergillus nidulans.Nat Chem Biol.;Challis2008
 
| 2007,Bergmann et al.Genomics-driven discovery of PKS-NRPS hybrid metabolites from Aspergillus nidulans.Nat Chem Biol.;Challis2008
−
| PKS-NRPS hybrid metabolites
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 341: Line 281:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Challis2008
 
| Challis2008
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 352: Line 290:
 
| Aspergillus melleus
 
| Aspergillus melleus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 7
 
| 7
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 363: Line 299:
 
| Aspergillus stellatus
 
| Aspergillus stellatus
 
| Herbert1989 ;Kruger,G.J.,Steyn,P.S.,Vleggaar,R.,andRabie,C.J.(1979).X-raycrystalstructureofasteltoxin,anovelmycotoxinfrom Aspergillusstellatus Curzi.J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun. 441?442.
 
| Herbert1989 ;Kruger,G.J.,Steyn,P.S.,Vleggaar,R.,andRabie,C.J.(1979).X-raycrystalstructureofasteltoxin,anovelmycotoxinfrom Aspergillusstellatus Curzi.J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun. 441?442.
−
| linear a-pyrone-containingpolyketide. starter propionate and eight malonate; Or from acetate and methionine instead of propionate. Structurally related to citreoviridin and aurovertin
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 9
 
| 9
Line 374: Line 308:
 
| Aspergillus terreus
 
| Aspergillus terreus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 385: Line 317:
 
| Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp
 
| Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 15
 
| 15
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 396: Line 326:
 
| Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp
 
| Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 16
 
| 16
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 407: Line 335:
 
| Streptomyces thioluteus
 
| Streptomyces thioluteus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| mixed origins, from propionate and single acetate plus p-nitrobenzoic acid
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 417: Line 343:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces thioluteus
 
| Streptomyces thioluteus
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 429: Line 353:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989 ;1983J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun_Evidence for a mono-oxygenase mechanism in the biosynthesis of austdiol
 
| Herbert1989 ;1983J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun_Evidence for a mono-oxygenase mechanism in the biosynthesis of austdiol
−
| Austdiol has a structure similar to citrinin and its biosynthesis appears to be similar.
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 440: Line 362:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| from acetate/malonate plus succinyl CoA
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 451: Line 371:
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009
 
| SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009
−
| Anthraquinone. Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
 
−
|
 
 
| 20
 
| 20
 
| 10
 
| 10
Line 462: Line 380:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| macrolides
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 473: Line 389:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| macrolides
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 484: Line 398:
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009
 
| SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009
−
|  Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
 
−
|
 
 
| 20
 
| 20
 
| 10
 
| 10
Line 495: Line 407:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 506: Line 416:
 
| Penicillium baarnense
 
| Penicillium baarnense
 
| Herbert1989
 
| Herbert1989
−
| one methyl group derives from methionine and the other by reduction of a carboxy-group. The ethyl group derives form C-2 of acetate and methionine.
 
−
|
 
 
| 9
 
| 9
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 517: Line 425:
 
| Penicillium griseofulvin
 
| Penicillium griseofulvin
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
| probable intermediate of griseofulvin
 
−
|
 
 
| 14
 
| 14
 
| 7
 
| 7
Line 528: Line 434:
 
| Gibberella fujikuroi
 
| Gibberella fujikuroi
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| nonaketide, from singal chain
 
−
| E.coli.
 
 
| 18
 
| 18
 
| 9
 
| 9
Line 539: Line 443:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| like penicillic acid ,via orsellinic acid but cleavage occurs between C-3 and C-4 instead of C-4 and C-5, C-4 is lost at some stage
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 550: Line 452:
 
| Penicillium decumbens, Penicillium brefeldianum, Penicillium cyaneum, Aspergillus clavatus,Eupenicillium brefeldianum,
 
| Penicillium decumbens, Penicillium brefeldianum, Penicillium cyaneum, Aspergillus clavatus,Eupenicillium brefeldianum,
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| a macrolide, different molecules of oxygen precludes a biosynthetic mechanism similar to prostaglandins.
 
−
|
 
 
| 16
 
| 16
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 561: Line 461:
 
| Karenia brevis
 
| Karenia brevis
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| polyether
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 572: Line 470:
 
| Karenia brevis
 
| Karenia brevis
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| polyether
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 579: Line 475:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:C-1027.Mol|C-1027]]
 
| [[Mol:C-1027.Mol|C-1027]]
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 594: Line 488:
 
| Micromonospora echinospora
 
| Micromonospora echinospora
 
| 2009,Belecki et al.Production of octaketide polyenes by the calicheamicin polyketide synthase CalE8: implications for the biosynthesis of enediyne core structures.J Am Chem Soc
 
| 2009,Belecki et al.Production of octaketide polyenes by the calicheamicin polyketide synthase CalE8: implications for the biosynthesis of enediyne core structures.J Am Chem Soc
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 605: Line 497:
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| cannabinoids, terpenophenolics, A saturated C6 hexanoate starter unit ,olivetolic acid is the precursor
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 616: Line 506:
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| cannabinoids, terpenophenolics, A saturated C6 hexanoate starter unit ,olivetolic acid is the precursor
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 627: Line 515:
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| cannabinoids, terpenophenolics, A saturated C6 hexanoate starter unit ,olivetolic acid is the precursor
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 638: Line 524:
 
| Cercospora sp, Cercospora kikuchii
 
| Cercospora sp, Cercospora kikuchii
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 7
 
| 7
Line 649: Line 533:
 
| Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces aureofaciens
 
| Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces aureofaciens
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| starter group is malonamyl-Co. a precursor of tetracycline. Tetracyclic backbone
 
−
|
 
 
| 19
 
| 19
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 660: Line 542:
 
| Streptomyces sp
 
| Streptomyces sp
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 17
 
| 17
 
| 9
 
| 9
Line 671: Line 551:
 
| Streptomyces sp
 
| Streptomyces sp
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 17
 
| 17
 
| 9
 
| 9
Line 682: Line 560:
 
| Asahina chrysantha, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Asahina chrysantha, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 15
 
| 15
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 693: Line 569:
 
| Asahina chrysantha, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Asahina chrysantha, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 15
 
| 15
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 704: Line 578:
 
| Gymnothorax javanicus, Lutjanus bohar
 
| Gymnothorax javanicus, Lutjanus bohar
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| polyether
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 715: Line 587:
 
| Penicillium pedemontanum
 
| Penicillium pedemontanum
 
| 1981,Sylvie Rebuffat, Daniel Davoust and Darius Molho, Phytochemistry, Biosynthesis of citreomontanin in Penicillium pedemontanum
 
| 1981,Sylvie Rebuffat, Daniel Davoust and Darius Molho, Phytochemistry, Biosynthesis of citreomontanin in Penicillium pedemontanum
−
| linear a-pyrone-containingpolyketide
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 726: Line 596:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Sakabe,N.,Goto,T.,andHirata,Y.(1977).Structureofcitreoviridin,amycotoxinproducedby Penicilliumcitreo-viride molded onrice.Tetrahedron 33,3077?3081.;Niwa,M.,Endo,T.,Ogiso,S.,Furukawa,H.,andYamamura,S. (1981).Twonewpyrones,metabolitesof Penicilliumcitreo-viride Biouge.Chem.Lett.(Jpn)1285?1288
 
| Sakabe,N.,Goto,T.,andHirata,Y.(1977).Structureofcitreoviridin,amycotoxinproducedby Penicilliumcitreo-viride molded onrice.Tetrahedron 33,3077?3081.;Niwa,M.,Endo,T.,Ogiso,S.,Furukawa,H.,andYamamura,S. (1981).Twonewpyrones,metabolitesof Penicilliumcitreo-viride Biouge.Chem.Lett.(Jpn)1285?1288
−
| linear a-pyrone-containingpolyketide
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 737: Line 605:
 
| Penicillium citrinum
 
| Penicillium citrinum
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| via a dihydro-isocoumarins
 
−
|
 
 
| 10
 
| 10
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 748: Line 614:
 
| Aspergillus clavatus
 
| Aspergillus clavatus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 8
 
| 8
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 759: Line 623:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| two carbons from methionine
 
−
|
 
 
| 8
 
| 8
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 770: Line 632:
 
| Cytospora spp
 
| Cytospora spp
 
| Herbert1989 ;1993Biosynthesis of colletodiol and related polyketide macrodiolides in Cytospora sp. ATCC 20502 : synthesis and metabolism of advanced intermediates
 
| Herbert1989 ;1993Biosynthesis of colletodiol and related polyketide macrodiolides in Cytospora sp. ATCC 20502 : synthesis and metabolism of advanced intermediates
−
| non-aromatic,by tetraketide and triketide
 
−
|
 
 
| 8
 
| 8
 
| 7(4+3)
 
| 7(4+3)
Line 777: Line 637:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Compactin.Mol|Compactin]]
 
| [[Mol:Compactin.Mol|Compactin]]
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 792: Line 650:
 
| Penicillium sp FP1768, Penicillium baradicum Hellllinrll Osporiulll
 
| Penicillium sp FP1768, Penicillium baradicum Hellllinrll Osporiulll
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| similar in chemical structure to zearalenone
 
−
|
 
 
| 16
 
| 16
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 803: Line 659:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| fungal phenalenones
 
−
|
 
 
| 15
 
| 15
 
| 7
 
| 7
Line 814: Line 668:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 11
 
| 11
 
| 6
 
| 6
Line 825: Line 677:
 
| Aspergillus terreus
 
| Aspergillus terreus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 10
 
| 10
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 836: Line 686:
 
| Diplodia macrospora
 
| Diplodia macrospora
 
| Herbert1989 ;1983, Charles P. Gorst-Allman, Pieter S. Steyn and Robert Vleggaar, Biosynthesis of diplosporin by Diplodia macrospora. Part 2. Investigation of ring formation using stable isotopes. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1,?1357 - 1359
 
| Herbert1989 ;1983, Charles P. Gorst-Allman, Pieter S. Steyn and Robert Vleggaar, Biosynthesis of diplosporin by Diplodia macrospora. Part 2. Investigation of ring formation using stable isotopes. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1,?1357 - 1359
−
| two C1 units from methionine, C11 plus C12 constitute the starter acetate
 
−
|
 
 
| 10
 
| 10
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 847: Line 695:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 858: Line 704:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| macrolides
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 865: Line 709:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Dothistromin.Mol|Dothistromin]]
 
| [[Mol:Dothistromin.Mol|Dothistromin]]
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 880: Line 722:
 
| Streptomyces peuceticus
 
| Streptomyces peuceticus
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| Adriamycin. anthracycline antibiotics,The starter group for the type II PKS is propionyl-CoA
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 891: Line 731:
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 15
 
| 15
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 902: Line 740:
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 15
 
| 15
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 913: Line 749:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 924: Line 758:
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 16
 
| 16
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 935: Line 767:
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 16
 
| 16
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 942: Line 772:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Enniatin B.Mol|Enniatin B]]
 
| [[Mol:Enniatin B.Mol|Enniatin B]]
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 956: Line 784:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces maritimus
 
| Streptomyces maritimus
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 968: Line 794:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 979: Line 803:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 990: Line 812:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,001: Line 821:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,012: Line 830:
 
| Phyllosticta sp
 
| Phyllosticta sp
 
| Herbert1989 ;1975 Biosynthesis of Epoxydon and Related Compounds by Phyllosticta sp. Agric. Bioi. Chem. ( Japan), 39,409-13
 
| Herbert1989 ;1975 Biosynthesis of Epoxydon and Related Compounds by Phyllosticta sp. Agric. Bioi. Chem. ( Japan), 39,409-13
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 7
 
| 7
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 1,023: Line 839:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| 9 acetate units. propionate starter unit is extended by malonate unit.
 
−
|
 
 
| 20
 
| 20
 
| 9
 
| 9
Line 1,034: Line 848:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,045: Line 857:
 
| Aspergillus flaviceps
 
| Aspergillus flaviceps
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 8
 
| 8
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 1,056: Line 866:
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| carboxy-group is lost after introduction of the C-5 hydroxy-group;otherwise a symmetrical intermediate would have been generated.
 
−
|
 
 
| 7
 
| 7
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 1,066: Line 874:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Fusarium verticillioides, Gibberella fujikuroi
 
| Fusarium verticillioides, Gibberella fujikuroi
−
|
 
−
| Nonaketide
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,078: Line 884:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| propionate and two acetate
 
−
|
 
 
| 7
 
| 7
 
| 3
 
| 3
Line 1,085: Line 889:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Geldanamycin.Mol|Geldanamycin]]
 
| [[Mol:Geldanamycin.Mol|Geldanamycin]]
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,100: Line 902:
 
| Penicillium griseofulvin
 
| Penicillium griseofulvin
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
| acetate-derived metabolite,Phenolic oxidative coupling
 
−
|
 
 
| 14
 
| 14
 
| 7
 
| 7
Line 1,111: Line 911:
 
| Penicillium griseofulvin
 
| Penicillium griseofulvin
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 14
 
| 14
 
| 7
 
| 7
Line 1,122: Line 920:
 
| Penicillium griseofulvin
 
| Penicillium griseofulvin
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 14
 
| 14
 
| 7
 
| 7
Line 1,133: Line 929:
 
| Halichondria okadai
 
| Halichondria okadai
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| polyethers, macrolides
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,144: Line 938:
 
| Humulus lululus (hop; Cannabaceae)
 
| Humulus lululus (hop; Cannabaceae)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| typical bitter taste of beer, foam-stabilizing and antibacterial properties. Formed by oxidative transformation of deoxyhumulone. the starter unit for the polyketide is leucine-derived isovaleryl-CoA.
 
−
|
 
 
| 13
 
| 13
 
| 3
 
| 3
Line 1,155: Line 947:
 
| Hypericum perforatum
 
| Hypericum perforatum
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| Antidepressive agent in St John’s Wort Polyketide nature is almost entirely obscured by the added isoprenoid fragments
 
−
|
 
 
| 17
 
| 17
 
| 3
 
| 3
Line 1,166: Line 956:
 
| Dermocybe spp
 
| Dermocybe spp
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| a constituent of St John’s Wort, Hypericum perforatum (Guttiferae/Hypericaceae).
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,177: Line 965:
 
| Penicillium islandicum
 
| Penicillium islandicum
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
| anthraquinone. Islandicin is another anthraquinone pigment produced by Penicillium islandicum, and differs from emodin in two ways: one hydroxyl is missing and a new hydroxyl has been in corporated adjacent to the methyl.
 
−
|
 
 
| 15
 
| 15
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 1,187: Line 973:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium patulum (=Penicillium urticae)
 
| Penicillium patulum (=Penicillium urticae)
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,199: Line 983:
 
| Usnea spp, Cladonia spp
 
| Usnea spp, Cladonia spp
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
| Incorporated  two molecules of methylphloracetophenone by an oxidative coupling mechanism Different from usnic acid. using the alternative hydroxyl nucleophile in heterocyclic ring formation
 
−
|
 
 
| 14
 
| 14
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 1,210: Line 992:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| macrolides
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,221: Line 1,001:
 
| Ammi visnaga
 
| Ammi visnaga
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| furochromones,aromatic pentaketide.The starter unitis derived by decarboxylation.PCS,Pentaketide chromone synthase, plant-speci?c type III PKS
 
−
| Escherichia coli
 
 
| 11
 
| 11
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 1,232: Line 1,010:
 
| Streptomyces lasaliensis
 
| Streptomyces lasaliensis
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| polyether antibiotics
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,243: Line 1,019:
 
| Umbilicaria arctica, Umbilicaria nylanderiana
 
| Umbilicaria arctica, Umbilicaria nylanderiana
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
| A depside (an ester formed from two phenolic acids). Combination of two orsellinic acid thioester molecule
 
−
|
 
 
| 8
 
| 8
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 1,254: Line 1,028:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,265: Line 1,037:
 
| Phoma pigmentivora
 
| Phoma pigmentivora
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| chromanone, from two polyketide chain
 
−
|
 
 
| 11
 
| 11
 
| 6
 
| 6
Line 1,275: Line 1,045:
 
| loVF
 
| loVF
 
| Aspergillus terreus
 
| Aspergillus terreus
−
|
 
−
| Nonaketide.(mevinolin; monacolin K)
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| yeast
 
| yeast
Line 1,287: Line 1,055:
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| methylphenol;3-Hydroxytoluene;3-cresol; derivative of 6-MSA
 
−
|
 
 
| 7
 
| 7
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 1,297: Line 1,063:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus, Nodulisporium sp
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus, Nodulisporium sp
−
|
 
−
| Heptaketide
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,309: Line 1,073:
 
| Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus ochraceus
 
| Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus ochraceus
 
| Herbert1989 ;2003_Natural Products_ the Secondary Metabolites (Tutorial Chemistry Texts)
 
| Herbert1989 ;2003_Natural Products_ the Secondary Metabolites (Tutorial Chemistry Texts)
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 10
 
| 10
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 1,320: Line 1,082:
 
| Usnea spp, Cladonia spp
 
| Usnea spp, Cladonia spp
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
| Two molecules of methylphloracetophenone: usnic acid
 
−
|
 
 
| 8
 
| 8
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 1,331: Line 1,091:
 
| Mollisia caesia
 
| Mollisia caesia
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| naphthoquinone.Two potential routes for the biosynthesis of mollisin: one chain and two chains
 
−
|
 
 
| 11
 
| 11
 
| 8(8,3+5)
 
| 8(8,3+5)
Line 1,342: Line 1,100:
 
| Streptomyces cinnamonensis
 
| Streptomyces cinnamonensis
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| C31H52O9(R1)(R2),Monensin A (R1= -CH(CH3)COOH, R2= -CH2CH3)  Monensin B (R1= -CH(CH3)COOH, R2= -CH3) Monensin C (R1= -(CH2)3COOH, R2= -CH2CH3)
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,353: Line 1,109:
 
| Penicillium multicolor
 
| Penicillium multicolor
 
| Herbert1989 ;1998,Application of Isotopic Methods to Secondary Metabolic Pathways. Thomas J.Simpson. Topics in Current Chemistry,Vol.195
 
| Herbert1989 ;1998,Application of Isotopic Methods to Secondary Metabolic Pathways. Thomas J.Simpson. Topics in Current Chemistry,Vol.195
−
| fragmanted polyketide, The arrangement shown requires C-4,5 cleavae before loss of the carboxy-group.
 
−
|
 
 
| 10
 
| 10
 
| 6
 
| 6
Line 1,363: Line 1,117:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Mycobacterium ulcerans
 
| Mycobacterium ulcerans
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,375: Line 1,127:
 
| Penicillium brevicompactum
 
| Penicillium brevicompactum
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
| Immunosuppressive agent. 5-methylorsellinic acid is precursor. Addition of  farnesyl alkyl. The chain length of the farnesyl alkyl group is subsequently shortened by oxidation of a double bond, giving demethylmycophenolic acid, which is then O-methylated, again involving SAM, to produce mycophenolic acid
 
−
|
 
 
| 12
 
| 12
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 1,386: Line 1,136:
 
| Stigmatella aurantiaca
 
| Stigmatella aurantiaca
 
| 2007,Pulsawat et al.Characterization of biosynthetic gene cluster for the production of virginiamycin M, a streptogramin type A antibiotic, in Streptomyces virginiae.Gene.
 
| 2007,Pulsawat et al.Characterization of biosynthetic gene cluster for the production of virginiamycin M, a streptogramin type A antibiotic, in Streptomyces virginiae.Gene.
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,396: Line 1,144:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Stigmatella aurantiaca
 
| Stigmatella aurantiaca
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,407: Line 1,153:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Stigmatella aurantiaca
 
| Stigmatella aurantiaca
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,418: Line 1,162:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces caelestis
 
| Streptomyces caelestis
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,430: Line 1,172:
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009
 
| SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009
−
| Anthraquinone. Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
 
−
|
 
 
| 20
 
| 20
 
| 10
 
| 10
Line 1,441: Line 1,181:
 
| Streptomyces noursei
 
| Streptomyces noursei
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| macrolide,(NYS; Mycostatin (TN))
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,452: Line 1,190:
 
| Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium viridicatum,Penicillium verrucosum, Penicillium nordicum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus carbonarius
 
| Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium viridicatum,Penicillium verrucosum, Penicillium nordicum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus carbonarius
 
| 1979,Huff and Hamilton, W.E. Huff and P.B. Hamilton, Mycotoxins?their biosynthesis in fungi: ochratoxins?metabolites of combined pathways, Journal of Food Protection 42 (1979), pp. 815?820.;2001Harris and Mantle, J.P. Harris and P.G. Mantle, Biosynthesis of ochratoxins by Aspergillus ochraceus, Phytochemistry 58 (2001), pp. 709?716;2009,Gallo et al.Characterisation of a pks gene which is expressed during ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus carbonarius.Int J Food Microbiol.
 
| 1979,Huff and Hamilton, W.E. Huff and P.B. Hamilton, Mycotoxins?their biosynthesis in fungi: ochratoxins?metabolites of combined pathways, Journal of Food Protection 42 (1979), pp. 815?820.;2001Harris and Mantle, J.P. Harris and P.G. Mantle, Biosynthesis of ochratoxins by Aspergillus ochraceus, Phytochemistry 58 (2001), pp. 709?716;2009,Gallo et al.Characterisation of a pks gene which is expressed during ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus carbonarius.Int J Food Microbiol.
−
| OTA is a potent nephrotoxin and a possible human carcinogen with a polyketide derived structure.Structurally OTA consists of a polyketide which is believed to be derived from a dihydroiso-coumarin group that is amide-linked to the amino acid L-phenylalanine.Its biosynthesis pathway has yet not been completely elucidated, although a number of putative pathways have been proposed (Harris and Mantle, 2001; Huff and Hamilton, 1979).
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,463: Line 1,199:
 
| Penicillium multicolor
 
| Penicillium multicolor
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| from two chains. formed by  the condensation of two acetate-derived chains and the introduction  of  a  C,  unit (presumably from methionine) at C(4).
 
−
|
 
 
| 17
 
| 17
 
| 10(8+2)
 
| 10(8+2)
Line 1,474: Line 1,208:
 
| Dinophysis sp, Prorocentrum lima
 
| Dinophysis sp, Prorocentrum lima
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| polyether,PP1, PP2A inhibitor
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,485: Line 1,217:
 
| Streptomyces antibioticus
 
| Streptomyces antibioticus
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| Amimycin; Landomycin; Matromycin; Romicil
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,496: Line 1,226:
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| A saturated C6 hexanoate starter unit
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 1,507: Line 1,235:
 
| Aspergillus parvulus
 
| Aspergillus parvulus
 
| Herbert1989 ; 1982, Application of?2H?-isotopic shifts in?13C n.m.r. spectra to biosynthetic studies. Incorporation of [1-13C,?2H3]acetate into?O-methylasparvenone in?Aspergillus parvulus. J. Chem. SOC.,  Chem. Commun.,1074.  
 
| Herbert1989 ; 1982, Application of?2H?-isotopic shifts in?13C n.m.r. spectra to biosynthetic studies. Incorporation of [1-13C,?2H3]acetate into?O-methylasparvenone in?Aspergillus parvulus. J. Chem. SOC.,  Chem. Commun.,1074.  
−
| formed by the way of naphthalene
 
−
|
 
 
| 12
 
| 12
 
| 6
 
| 6
Line 1,518: Line 1,244:
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| Collie’s realisation that the triketone might be anintermediate in orcinol biosynthesis was inspirational. synthesized chemically from dehydroacetic acid, likely via a polyketone intermediate,suggested that polyphenols could be biosynthesized from a C2 precursor
 
−
|
 
 
| 7
 
| 7
 
| 2
 
| 2
Line 1,529: Line 1,253:
 
| Streptomyces viridochromogenes, Penicillium madriti
 
| Streptomyces viridochromogenes, Penicillium madriti
 
| Dewick2009;G.-L. Tang and W. Liu, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2006,345, 133?139.
 
| Dewick2009;G.-L. Tang and W. Liu, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2006,345, 133?139.
−
| lack1OH group, because formation of conjugated system enolization
 
−
|
 
 
| 8
 
| 8
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 1,540: Line 1,262:
 
| Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces aureofaciens
 
| Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces aureofaciens
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| starter group is malonamyl-Co. a precursor of tetracycline. Tetracyclic backbone
 
−
|
 
 
| 19
 
| 19
 
| 10
 
| 10
Line 1,551: Line 1,271:
 
| Penicillium palitans
 
| Penicillium palitans
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| nonaromatic six membered ring. C-12 was unexpectedly not labelled by 18O, but this is the consequence of ready exchange at this position
 
−
|
 
 
| 14
 
| 14
 
| 7
 
| 7
Line 1,562: Line 1,280:
 
| Aspergillus clavatus,Aspergillus terreus,Penicillium patulum (=Penicillium urticae)
 
| Aspergillus clavatus,Aspergillus terreus,Penicillium patulum (=Penicillium urticae)
 
| Dewick2009;1971,Aberhart and Caspi.The fate of the 6 alpha-hydrogen of 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol in the conversion to 7-dehydrocholesterol by rat liver microsomes.J Biol Chem.
 
| Dewick2009;1971,Aberhart and Caspi.The fate of the 6 alpha-hydrogen of 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol in the conversion to 7-dehydrocholesterol by rat liver microsomes.J Biol Chem.
−
| derived from acetate via 6-methylsalicylic acid
 
−
|
 
 
| 6
 
| 6
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 1,573: Line 1,289:
 
| Penicillium cyclopium, Penicillium baarnense
 
| Penicillium cyclopium, Penicillium baarnense
 
| Herbert1989; Dewick2009
 
| Herbert1989; Dewick2009
−
| This time orsellinic acid is aprecursor, and ring fission appears to proceed viaa quinone, which is the result of decarboxylation,oxidation, and methylation reactions
 
−
|
 
 
| 6
 
| 6
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 1,583: Line 1,297:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus clavatus
 
| Aspergillus clavatus
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 1,595: Line 1,307:
 
| Hypericum calycinum
 
| Hypericum calycinum
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| analogue of phloroacetophenone. But using isobutyryl-CoA as starter instead of acetyl-CoA. Extended by three malonyl-CoA. type III PKS. using isovalery-CoA as starter instead of acetyl-CoA. Extended by three malonyl-CoA.type III PKS. Precursor of humulone
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 3
 
| 3
Line 1,606: Line 1,316:
 
| Humulus lululus (hop; Cannabaceae)
 
| Humulus lululus (hop; Cannabaceae)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|  using isovalery-CoA as starter instead of acetyl-CoA. Extended by three malonyl-CoA.type III PKS. Precursor of humulone
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 3
 
| 3
Line 1,617: Line 1,325:
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 15
 
| 15
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 1,628: Line 1,334:
 
| Streptomyces venezuelae
 
| Streptomyces venezuelae
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,635: Line 1,339:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Pimaricin.Mol|Pimaricin]]
 
| [[Mol:Pimaricin.Mol|Pimaricin]]
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,650: Line 1,352:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| The platenomycins are closely related to leucomycin
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,661: Line 1,361:
 
| Streptomyces rimosus,Streptomyces aureofaciens
 
| Streptomyces rimosus,Streptomyces aureofaciens
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| Malonamyl-CoA is the starter unit.Tetracyclic backbone with all carbon atoms from malonated derived precursor of tetracycline
 
−
|
 
 
| 19
 
| 19
 
| 9
 
| 9
Line 1,672: Line 1,370:
 
| Streptomyces natalensis
 
| Streptomyces natalensis
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,682: Line 1,378:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa
 
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,690: Line 1,384:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Pyoluteorin.Mol|Pyoluteorin]]
 
| [[Mol:Pyoluteorin.Mol|Pyoluteorin]]
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,705: Line 1,397:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| formed from two polyketide chains; alternatively they may be formed by a pathway involving ring-cleavage.
 
−
|
 
 
| 11
 
| 11
 
| 6
 
| 6
Line 1,716: Line 1,406:
 
| Streptomyces hygroscopicus
 
| Streptomyces hygroscopicus
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,727: Line 1,415:
 
| Helminthosporium ravenelii, Helminthosporium turcicum
 
| Helminthosporium ravenelii, Helminthosporium turcicum
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| xanthone,Islandicin  is plausibly an intermediate in ravenilin  biosynthesis
 
−
|
 
 
| 12
 
| 12
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 1,738: Line 1,424:
 
| Cassia angustifolia
 
| Cassia angustifolia
 
| 2002,Dewick.Medicinal natural products : a biosynthetic approach.Wiley;Dewick2009;
 
| 2002,Dewick.Medicinal natural products : a biosynthetic approach.Wiley;Dewick2009;
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
| 15
 
| 15
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 1,749: Line 1,433:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,760: Line 1,442:
 
| Amycolatopsis mediterranei
 
| Amycolatopsis mediterranei
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,771: Line 1,451:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,782: Line 1,460:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| fungal alpha-pyrones. Two carbons are derived from methionine
 
−
|
 
 
| 8
 
| 8
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 1,789: Line 1,465:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Rubrofusarin.Mol|Rubrofusarin]]
 
| [[Mol:Rubrofusarin.Mol|Rubrofusarin]]
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,804: Line 1,478:
 
| Monascus pilosus
 
| Monascus pilosus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| Rubropunctatin can be split into two fragments on the basis of labelling results. The left-hand part derives in the usual way. The left-habd part -though seems to derive through the beta-keto acid formed by condensation of hexanoic acid with an acetate unit.
 
−
|
 
 
| 17
 
| 17
 
| 6
 
| 6
Line 1,815: Line 1,487:
 
| Sclerotinia spp
 
| Sclerotinia spp
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| unusual, from two polyketide chains
 
−
|
 
 
| 9
 
| 9
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 1,826: Line 1,496:
 
| Sclerotinia spp
 
| Sclerotinia spp
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|  from one polyketide chains
 
−
|
 
 
| 10
 
| 10
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 1,837: Line 1,505:
 
| Escherichia coli
 
| Escherichia coli
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| A type III octaketide synthase gene from the anthraquinone-producing plant Aloe arborescens, when expressed in Escherichia coli, did not synthesize anthraquinones, but instead the two products SEK4 and SEK4b, not normally found in Aloe
 
−
|
 
 
| 16
 
| 16
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 1,848: Line 1,514:
 
| Escherichia coli
 
| Escherichia coli
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| A type III octaketide synthase gene from the anthraquinone-producing plant Aloe arborescens, when expressed in Escherichia coli, did not synthesize anthraquinones, but instead the two products SEK4 and SEK4b, not normally found in Aloe
 
−
|
 
 
| 16
 
| 16
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 1,859: Line 1,523:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| macrolides
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,870: Line 1,532:
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| dianthrone O-glycosides
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 1,881: Line 1,541:
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| dianthrone O-glycosides
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 1,892: Line 1,550:
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| dianthrone O-glycosides
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 1,903: Line 1,559:
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| dianthrone O-glycosides
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 1,914: Line 1,568:
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| dianthrone O-glycosides
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 1,925: Line 1,577:
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| dianthrone O-glycosides
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 1,936: Line 1,586:
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| dianthrone O-glycosides
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 1,947: Line 1,595:
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| dianthrone O-glycosides
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 1,957: Line 1,603:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
| fungal tropolone
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,969: Line 1,613:
 
| Helminthosporium siccans
 
| Helminthosporium siccans
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|  Antifungal drug,The fungal metabolite siccanin (21) contains a sesquiterpenoid fragment and a fragment derived from orsellinic acid.
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,980: Line 1,622:
 
| Aspergillus silvaticus  
 
| Aspergillus silvaticus  
 
| Herbert1989 ;1985 CPB_Biosynthesis of Silvaticamide, a Toxin from Aspergillus silvaticus
 
| Herbert1989 ;1985 CPB_Biosynthesis of Silvaticamide, a Toxin from Aspergillus silvaticus
−
| derived by fragmentation of an anthraquinone, have similar prenylated skeleton with tajixanthone
 
−
|
 
 
| 17
 
| 17
 
| 8(12)
 
| 8(12)
Line 1,991: Line 1,631:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| nonaketide, from singal chain.The PKS4 from Gibberella fujikuroi expressed in E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3)) showed in vitro activity to form SMA76a 58 from malonyl-CoA, which has the same nonaketide carbon skeleton with bikaverin. If selected octanoyl-CoA over malonyl-CoA as the starter unit and synthesized SMA76b and SMA76C, isocoumarins with acyl and alkyl side-chains, respectively.
 
−
| E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3))
 
 
| 18
 
| 18
 
| 9
 
| 9
Line 2,002: Line 1,640:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| nonaketide, from singal chain.The PKS4 from Gibberella fujikuroi expressed in E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3)) showed in vitro activity to form SMA76a 58 from malonyl-CoA, which has the same nonaketide carbon skeleton with bikaverin. If selected octanoyl-CoA over malonyl-CoA as the starter unit and synthesized SMA76b and SMA76C, isocoumarins with acyl and alkyl side-chains, respectively.
 
−
| E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3))
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 9
 
| 9
Line 2,013: Line 1,649:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| nonaketide, from singal chain.The PKS4 from Gibberella fujikuroi expressed in E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3)) showed in vitro activity to form SMA76a 58 from malonyl-CoA, which has the same nonaketide carbon skeleton with bikaverin. If selected octanoyl-CoA over malonyl-CoA as the starter unit and synthesized SMA76b and SMA76C, isocoumarins with acyl and alkyl side-chains, respectively.
 
−
| E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3))
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 9
 
| 9
Line 2,023: Line 1,657:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Sorangium cellulosum
 
| Sorangium cellulosum
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,034: Line 1,666:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,042: Line 1,672:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Spiramycin I.Mol|Spiramycin I]]
 
| [[Mol:Spiramycin I.Mol|Spiramycin I]]
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,057: Line 1,685:
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009;2009,Hertweck.The biosynthetic logic of polyketide diversity.Angew Chem Int Ed Engl.
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009;2009,Hertweck.The biosynthetic logic of polyketide diversity.Angew Chem Int Ed Engl.
−
| Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
 
−
|
 
 
| 15
 
| 15
 
| 10
 
| 10
Line 2,067: Line 1,693:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Stigmatella aurantiaca
 
| Stigmatella aurantiaca
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,079: Line 1,703:
 
| Penicillium stipitatum  
 
| Penicillium stipitatum  
 
| Herbert1989 ;1963,Bentley.Biosynthesis of tropolones in Penicillium stipitatum.” J Biol Chem.
 
| Herbert1989 ;1963,Bentley.Biosynthesis of tropolones in Penicillium stipitatum.” J Biol Chem.
−
| 3-methylorsellinic acid is a intermediate, tropolone containing metabolite
 
−
|
 
 
| 9
 
| 9
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 2,090: Line 1,712:
 
| Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| via the anthraquinone. fungal p-methylbenzophenone derivatives
 
−
|
 
 
| 13
 
| 13
 
| 8
 
| 8
Line 2,101: Line 1,721:
 
| Streptomyces sp
 
| Streptomyces sp
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,112: Line 1,730:
 
| Aspergillus variecolor
 
| Aspergillus variecolor
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| derived by fragmentation of an anthraquinone, have similar prenylated skeleton with silvaticamide
 
−
|
 
 
| 20
 
| 20
 
| 8(12)
 
| 8(12)
Line 2,123: Line 1,739:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| fungal PKS-NRPS
 
−
| a-amylase promoter/A. oryzae
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,134: Line 1,748:
 
| Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| via a dihydro-isocoumarins; biosynthesis pathway is incompleted
 
−
|
 
 
| 8
 
| 8
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 2,145: Line 1,757:
 
| Aspergillus nidulans
 
| Aspergillus nidulans
 
| 2007,Corre and Challis.Heavy tools for genome mining.Chem Biol.;[8]2007,Bouhired et al.Accurate prediction of the Aspergillus nidulans terrequinone gene cluster boundaries using the transcriptional regulator LaeA.Fungal Genet Biol.
 
| 2007,Corre and Challis.Heavy tools for genome mining.Chem Biol.;[8]2007,Bouhired et al.Accurate prediction of the Aspergillus nidulans terrequinone gene cluster boundaries using the transcriptional regulator LaeA.Fungal Genet Biol.
−
| cryptic NRPS system
 
−
| TdiA-E in E. coli
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,156: Line 1,766:
 
| Streptomyces glaucescens
 
| Streptomyces glaucescens
 
| 2008,Ames et al.Crystal structure and functional analysis of tetracenomycin ARO/CYC: implications for cyclization specificity of aromatic polyketides.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
 
| 2008,Ames et al.Crystal structure and functional analysis of tetracenomycin ARO/CYC: implications for cyclization specificity of aromatic polyketides.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
−
| type II polyketide products
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,167: Line 1,775:
 
| Streptomyces rimosus,Streptomyces aureofaciens
 
| Streptomyces rimosus,Streptomyces aureofaciens
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| starter group is malonamyl-Co. a precursor of tetracycline. Tetracyclic backbone
 
−
|
 
 
| 19
 
| 19
 
| 9
 
| 9
Line 2,178: Line 1,784:
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| Dronabinol; delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; Tetrahydrocannabinol.A saturated C6 hexanoate starter unit The aromatic ring/C5 chain originates from hexanoate and malonate, then cyclization.Precursor isolivetolic acid
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,189: Line 1,793:
 
| Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces coelicolor, Colletotrichum lagenarium
 
| Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces coelicolor, Colletotrichum lagenarium
 
| 2001,Pfeifer and Khosla.Biosynthesis of polyketides in heterologous hosts.Microbiol Mol Biol Rev.;2007,American Chemical Society. Meeting (229th : 2005 : San Diego Calif.) et al.Polyketides : biosynthesis, biological activity, and genetic engineering.American Chemical Society : Distributed by Oxford University Press
 
| 2001,Pfeifer and Khosla.Biosynthesis of polyketides in heterologous hosts.Microbiol Mol Biol Rev.;2007,American Chemical Society. Meeting (229th : 2005 : San Diego Calif.) et al.Polyketides : biosynthesis, biological activity, and genetic engineering.American Chemical Society : Distributed by Oxford University Press
−
| intermediate of napyradiomycin A
 
−
| Aspergillus oryzae
 
 
| 10
 
| 10
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 2,200: Line 1,802:
 
| Gerbera hybrida
 
| Gerbera hybrida
 
| 2005BB_Microbial Synthesis of Triacetic Acid Lactone
 
| 2005BB_Microbial Synthesis of Triacetic Acid Lactone
−
| Ether ring formation by cyclization of the 3,5-diketohexanoate thioester ;not only one pks can produce TAL
 
−
| Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
 
 
| 6
 
| 6
 
| 3
 
| 3
Line 2,210: Line 1,810:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,221: Line 1,819:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cochliobolus heterostrophus
 
| Cochliobolus heterostrophus
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,232: Line 1,828:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces fradiae
 
| Streptomyces fradiae
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,244: Line 1,838:
 
| Streptomyces fradiae
 
| Streptomyces fradiae
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,255: Line 1,847:
 
| Toxicodendron radicans,Toxicodendron toxicaria
 
| Toxicodendron radicans,Toxicodendron toxicaria
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| 3-(8,11-Pentadecadienyl)-1,2-benzenediol. palmitoleoyl-CoA ( 9-hexadecenoyl-CoA) can act as starter group for extension by three malonyl-CoA units
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,266: Line 1,856:
 
| Usnea spp, Cladonia spp, Flavocetraria cucculata, Flavocetraria nivalis
 
| Usnea spp, Cladonia spp, Flavocetraria cucculata, Flavocetraria nivalis
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
| antibacterial metabolite.formed by two methylphloracetophenone. Incorporated  two molecules of methylphloracetophenone by an oxidative coupling mechanism. c-methylation  by SAM
 
−
|
 
 
| 14(8,8)
 
| 14(8,8)
 
| 8(4,4)
 
| 8(4,4)
Line 2,277: Line 1,865:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| from acetate(malonate) and methionine with the pyrrolidone ring having its origins in glutamic acid
 
−
|
 
 
| 12
 
| 12
 
| 6
 
| 6
Line 2,288: Line 1,874:
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
−
| Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
 
−
|
 
 
| 17
 
| 17
 
| 10
 
| 10
Line 2,299: Line 1,883:
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
−
| Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
 
−
|
 
 
| 17
 
| 17
 
| 10
 
| 10
Line 2,310: Line 1,892:
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
−
| Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
 
−
|
 
 
| 17
 
| 17
 
| 10
 
| 10
Line 2,321: Line 1,901:
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
−
| Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
 
−
|
 
 
| 17
 
| 17
 
| 10
 
| 10
Line 2,332: Line 1,910:
 
| Ammi visnaga
 
| Ammi visnaga
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| furochromones,aromatic pentaketide.The starter unitis derived by decarboxylation.precursor of the well known antiasthmatic furochromones, kehellin.PCS,Pentaketide chromone synthase ,plant-speci?c type III PKS
 
−
| Escherichia coli
 
 
| 11
 
| 11
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 2,342: Line 1,918:
 
| wA
 
| wA
 
| Aspergillus nidulans
 
| Aspergillus nidulans
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,353: Line 1,927:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Sporomiella intermedia, Leptodontium elatius
 
| Sporomiella intermedia, Leptodontium elatius
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,365: Line 1,937:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| [[Image:Zearalenone.Mol.png]]
 
| [[Image:Zearalenone.Mol.png]]
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 01:39, 7 March 2010

name PKS gene organism Ref Size C2 Image
1,3,8-Trihydroxyaceto-Naphthalene Aspergillus parvulus Herbert1989 12 6 1,3,8-Trihydroxyaceto-Naphthalene.Mol.png
1,3-Dihydroxy-N-Methylacridone Acridone synthase Dewick2009 3 1,3-Dihydroxy-N-Methylacridone.Mol.png
3,8-Dihydroxy-1-Methylanthraquinone-2-Carboxylic Acid Staunton&Weissman2001 3,8-Dihydroxy-1-Methylanthraquinone-2-Carboxylic Acid.Mol.png
4-Hydroxy-2-Quinolone Dewick2009 1 4-Hydroxy-2-Quinolone.Mol.png
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-Methylchromone Pentaketide chromone synthase Ammi visnaga Dewick2009 10 5 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-Methylchromone.Mol.png
5-Methylorsellinic Acid Aspergillus flaviceps Dewick2009 8 4 5-Methylorsellinic Acid.Mol.png
6-Deoxy-Erythronolide B DEBS Dewick2009 6-Deoxy-Erythronolide B.Mol.png
6-Methoxymellein Dewick2009 5 6-Methoxymellein.Mol.png
6-Methyl Salicylic Acid 6-MSAS/P. patulum(ATX/Aspergillus terreus) atX Penicillium patulum, Aspergillus terreus S. Gaisser, A. Trefzer, S. Stckert, A. Kirshning and A. Bechthold, J. Bacteriol., 1997, 179, 6271?6278.;Staunton&Weissman2001 8 4 6-Methyl Salicylic Acid.Mol.png
Actinorhodin act Streptomyces coelicolor Herbert1989 16 8 Actinorhodin.Mol.png
Adhyperforin Hypericum perforatum Dewick2009 Adhyperforin.Mol.png
Aflatoxin B1 PKSL1/Aspergillus parasiticus=PKSA pksL1/Aspergillus parasiticus (Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB,AflN,AflM,OmtB,OmtA,OrdA) Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009 14 10 Aflatoxin B1.Mol.png
Aflatoxin B2 Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus Dewick2009 Aflatoxin B2.Mol.png
Aflatoxin G1 (Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB,AflN,AflM,OmtB,OmtA,OrdA) Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009 11 10 Aflatoxin G1.Mol.png
Aflatoxin G2 Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus Dewick2009 Aflatoxin G2.Mol.png
Aflatoxin M1 Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus Dewick2009 Aflatoxin M1.Mol.png
Aloe-Emodin Aloe ferox Dewick2009; 15 8 Aloe-Emodin.Mol.png
Aloesaponarin II Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009 Aloesaponarin II.Mol.png
Alternapyrone PKSN alt5 from Alternaria solani 2005,Fujii et al.An iterative type I polyketide synthase PKSN catalyzes synthesis of the decaketide alternapyrone with regio-specific octa-methylation.Chem Biol. 20 10 Alternapyrone.Mol.png
Alternaric Acid Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternata (formerly known as A. kikuchiana) Herbert1989 17 6 Alternaric Acid.Mol.png
Alternariol Alternaria tenuis Herbert1989 14 7 Alternariol.Mol.png
Amphotericin B Dewick2009 Amphotericin B.Mol.png
Andrimid Andrimid .Mol.png
Aschochitin Herbert1989 File:Aschochitin.Mol.png
Ascomycin Dewick2009 Ascomycin.Mol.png
Aslaniol PKSF from A. solani 2009,Fujii.Heterologous expression systems for polyketide synthases.Nat Prod Rep. Aslaniol.Mol.png
Aslanipyrone PKSF from A. solani 2009,Fujii.Heterologous expression systems for polyketide synthases.Nat Prod Rep. Aslanipyrone.Mol.png
Asperlactone Aspergillus melleus Herbert1989 8 5 Asperlactone.Mol.png
Asperlin Aspergillus nidulans Herbert1989 8 5 Asperlin.Mol.png
Aspyridone A Aspergillus nidulans 2007,Bergmann et al.Genomics-driven discovery of PKS-NRPS hybrid metabolites from Aspergillus nidulans.Nat Chem Biol.;Challis2008 Aspyridone A.Mol.png
Aspyridone B Challis2008 Aspyridone B.Mol.png
Aspyrone Aspergillus melleus Herbert1989 7 5 Aspyrone.Mol.png
Asteltoxin Aspergillus stellatus Herbert1989 ;Kruger,G.J.,Steyn,P.S.,Vleggaar,R.,andRabie,C.J.(1979).X-raycrystalstructureofasteltoxin,anovelmycotoxinfrom Aspergillusstellatus Curzi.J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun. 441?442. 9 Asteltoxin.Mol.png
Astepyrone Aspergillus terreus Herbert1989 4 Astepyrone.Mol.png
Atrochrysone Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp Dewick2009; 15 8 Atrochrysone.Mol.png
Atrochrysone Aarboxylic Acid Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp Dewick2009; 16 8 File:Atrochrysone Aarboxylic Acid.Mol.png
Aureothin Streptomyces thioluteus Herbert1989 Aureothin.Mol.png
Aurovertin Streptomyces thioluteus File:Aurovertin.Mol.png
Austdiol Herbert1989 ;1983J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun_Evidence for a mono-oxygenase mechanism in the biosynthesis of austdiol 5 Austdiol.Mol.png
Avenaciolide Herbert1989 Avenaciolide.Mol.png
Averantin Nor-1;StcE Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009 20 10 Averantin.Mol.png
Avermectin B1a Dewick2009 Avermectin B1a.Mol.png
Avermectin B2a Dewick2009 Avermectin B2a.Mol.png
Averufin Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA,AdhA Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009 20 10 Averufin.Mol.png
Avilamycin Dewick2009 Avilamycin.Mol.png
Barnol Penicillium baarnense Herbert1989 9 4 Barnol.Mol.png
Benzophenone Penicillium griseofulvin Dewick2009;Herbert1989 14 7 Benzophenone.Mol.png
Bikaverin Bikaverin nonaketide synthase PKS4 from Gibberella fujikuroi Gibberella fujikuroi Herbert1989 18 9 Bikaverin.Mol.png
Botryodiplodin Herbert1989 4 Botryodiplodin.Mol.png
Brefeldin A Penicillium decumbens, Penicillium brefeldianum, Penicillium cyaneum, Aspergillus clavatus,Eupenicillium brefeldianum, Herbert1989 16 8 Brefeldin A.Mol.png
Brevetoxin A Karenia brevis Dewick2009 Brevetoxin A.Mol.png
Brevetoxin B Karenia brevis Dewick2009 Brevetoxin B.Mol.png
C-1027 C-1027.Mol.png
Calichemicin Gamma1 Micromonospora echinospora 2009,Belecki et al.Production of octaketide polyenes by the calicheamicin polyketide synthase CalE8: implications for the biosynthesis of enediyne core structures.J Am Chem Soc Calichemicin Gamma1.Mol.png
Cannabidiol Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae) Dewick2009 Cannabidiol.Mol.png
Cannabigerolic Acid Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae) Dewick2009 Cannabigerolic Acid.Mol.png
Cannabinol Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae) Dewick2009 Cannabinol.Mol.png
Cercosporin Cercospora sp, Cercospora kikuchii Herbert1989 7 Cercosporin.Mol.png
Chlortetracycline oxy PKS (otc) OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI,OxyF,OxyL,OxyG,OxyQ,OxyR,OxyT,OxyS,OxyE,TchA Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces aureofaciens Dewick2009 19 8 Chlortetracycline.Mol.png
Chrysomycin A Streptomyces sp Herbert1989 17 9 Chrysomycin A.Mol.png
Chrysomycin B Streptomyces sp Herbert1989 17 9 Chrysomycin B.Mol.png
Chrysophanol Asahina chrysantha, Cassia angustifolia Dewick2009; 15 8 Chrysophanol.Mol.png
Chrysophanol Anthrone Asahina chrysantha, Cassia angustifolia Dewick2009; 15 8 Chrysophanol Anthrone.Mol.png
Ciguatoxin I Gymnothorax javanicus, Lutjanus bohar Dewick2009 Ciguatoxin I.Mol.png
Citreomontanin Penicillium pedemontanum 1981,Sylvie Rebuffat, Daniel Davoust and Darius Molho, Phytochemistry, Biosynthesis of citreomontanin in Penicillium pedemontanum Citreomontanin.Mol.png
Citreoviridin Sakabe,N.,Goto,T.,andHirata,Y.(1977).Structureofcitreoviridin,amycotoxinproducedby Penicilliumcitreo-viride molded onrice.Tetrahedron 33,3077?3081.;Niwa,M.,Endo,T.,Ogiso,S.,Furukawa,H.,andYamamura,S. (1981).Twonewpyrones,metabolitesof Penicilliumcitreo-viride Biouge.Chem.Lett.(Jpn)1285?1288 Citreoviridin.Mol.png
Citrinin Penicillium citrinum Herbert1989 10 5 Citrinin.Mol.png
Clavatol Aspergillus clavatus Herbert1989 8 4 Clavatol.Mol.png
Coarctatin Herbert1989 8 4 Coarctatin.Mol.png
Colletodiol Cytospora spp Herbert1989 ;1993Biosynthesis of colletodiol and related polyketide macrodiolides in Cytospora sp. ATCC 20502 : synthesis and metabolism of advanced intermediates 8 7(4+3) Colletodiol.Mol.png
Compactin Compactin.Mol.png
Curvularin Penicillium sp FP1768, Penicillium baradicum Hellllinrll Osporiulll Herbert1989 16 8 Curvularin.Mol.png
Deoxyherquienone Herbert1989 15 7 Deoxyherquienone.Mol.png
Deoxyradicin Herbert1989 11 6 Deoxyradicin.Mol.png
Dihydroisocoumarin Aspergillus terreus Herbert1989 10 5 Dihydroisocoumarin.Mol.png
Diplosporin Diplodia macrospora Herbert1989 ;1983, Charles P. Gorst-Allman, Pieter S. Steyn and Robert Vleggaar, Biosynthesis of diplosporin by Diplodia macrospora. Part 2. Investigation of ring formation using stable isotopes. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1,?1357 - 1359 10 5 Diplosporin.Mol.png
Discodermolide Dewick2009 Discodermolide.Mol.png
Doramectin Dewick2009 Doramectin.Mol.png
Dothistromin Dothistromin.Mol.png
Doxorubicin Streptomyces peuceticus Dewick2009 Doxorubicin.Mol.png
Emodin Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia Dewick2009; 15 8 Emodin.Mol.png
Emodin Anthrone Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia Dewick2009; 15 8 Emodin Anthrone.Mol.png
Emodin Dianthrone Dewick2009 Emodin Dianthrone.Mol.png
Endocrocin Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia Dewick2009; 16 8 Endocrocin.Mol.png
Endocrocin Anthrone Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia Dewick2009; 16 8 Endocrocin Anthrone.Mol.png
Enniatin B Enniatin B.Mol.png
Enterocin Streptomyces maritimus Enterocin.Mol.png
Epothilone A Dewick2009 Epothilone A.Mol.png
Epothilone B Dewick2009 Epothilone B.Mol.png
Epothilone C Dewick2009 Epothilone C.Mol.png
Epothilone D Dewick2009 Epothilone D.Mol.png
Epoxydon Phyllosticta sp Herbert1989 ;1975 Biosynthesis of Epoxydon and Related Compounds by Phyllosticta sp. Agric. Bioi. Chem. ( Japan), 39,409-13 7 4 Epoxydon.Mol.png
Epsilon-Pyrromycinone Herbert1989 20 9 Epsilon-Pyrromycinone.Mol.png
Erythromycin Dewick2009 Erythromycin.Mol.png
Flavipin Aspergillus flaviceps Herbert1989 8 4 Flavipin.Mol.png
Fumigatin Aspergillus fumigatus Herbert1989 7 4 Fumigatin.Mol.png
Fumonisin B1 FUM5 Fusarium verticillioides, Gibberella fujikuroi Fumonisin B1.Mol.png
Furanomycin Herbert1989 7 3 Furanomycin.Mol.png
Geldanamycin Geldanamycin.Mol.png
Griseofulvin Penicillium griseofulvin Dewick2009;Herbert1989 14 7 Griseofulvin.Mol.png
Griseophenone B Penicillium griseofulvin Dewick2009;Herbert1989 14 7 Griseophenone B.Mol.png
Griseophenone C Penicillium griseofulvin Dewick2009;Herbert1989 14 7 Griseophenone C.Mol.png
Halichondrin B Halichondria okadai Dewick2009 Halichondrin B.Mol.png
Humulone Humulus lululus (hop; Cannabaceae) Dewick2009 13 3 Humulone.Mol.png
Hyperforin Hypericum perforatum Dewick2009 17 3 Hyperforin.Mol.png
Hypericin Dermocybe spp Dewick2009 Hypericin.Mol.png
Islandicin Penicillium islandicum Dewick2009;Herbert1989 15 8 Islandicin.Mol.png
Isoepoxydon Penicillium patulum (=Penicillium urticae) Isoepoxydon.Mol.png
Isousnic Acid Usnea spp, Cladonia spp Dewick2009;Herbert1989 14 4 Isousnic Acid.Mol.png
Ivermectin Dewick2009 Ivermectin.Mol.png
Khellin Pentaketide chromone synthase Ammi visnaga Dewick2009 11 5 Khellin.Mol.png
Lasalocid Streptomyces lasaliensis Dewick2009 Lasalocid.Mol.png
Lecanoric Acid Umbilicaria arctica, Umbilicaria nylanderiana Dewick2009;Herbert1989 8 4 Lecanoric Acid.Mol.png
Leucomycin A1 Herbert1989 Leucomycin A1.Mol.png
LL-D253alpha Phoma pigmentivora Herbert1989 11 6 LL-D253alpha.Mol.png
Lovastatin LOVB=LNKS, LovF=LDKS loVF Aspergillus terreus yeast Lovastatin.Mol.png
M-Cresol Aspergillus fumigatus Dewick2009 7 4 M-Cresol.Mol.png
Melanin ALB1=PKSP,PKS1 Aspergillus fumigatus, Nodulisporium sp Melanin.Mol.png
Mellein Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus ochraceus Herbert1989 ;2003_Natural Products_ the Secondary Metabolites (Tutorial Chemistry Texts) 10 5 Mellein.Mol.png
Methylphloracetophenone Usnea spp, Cladonia spp Dewick2009;Herbert1989 8 4 Methylphloracetophenone.Mol.png
Mollisin Mollisia caesia Herbert1989 11 8(8,3+5) Mollisin.Mol.png
Monensin A Streptomyces cinnamonensis Herbert1989 Monensin A.Mol.png
Multicolic Acid Penicillium multicolor Herbert1989 ;1998,Application of Isotopic Methods to Secondary Metabolic Pathways. Thomas J.Simpson. Topics in Current Chemistry,Vol.195 10 6 Multicolic Acid.Mol.png
Mycolactone Mycobacterium ulcerans Mycolactone.Mol.png
Mycophenolic Acid Penicillium brevicompactum Dewick2009;Herbert1989 12 4 Mycophenolic Acid.Mol.png
Myxalamide MxaC-1 Stigmatella aurantiaca 2007,Pulsawat et al.Characterization of biosynthetic gene cluster for the production of virginiamycin M, a streptogramin type A antibiotic, in Streptomyces virginiae.Gene. Myxalamide.Mol.png
Myxothiazol A Stigmatella aurantiaca Myxothiazol A.Mol.png
Myxothiazol Z Stigmatella aurantiaca Myxothiazol Z.Mol.png
Niddamycin Streptomyces caelestis Niddamycin.Mol.png
Norsolorinic Acid norsolorinic acid(NA) PKS A?A/B(A.parasiticus); StcJ/K(A.nidulans) Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009 20 10 Norsolorinic Acid.Mol.png
Nystatin Streptomyces noursei Dewick2009 Nystatin.Mol.png
Ochratoxin A otapks of A. ochraceus; otapksPN gene from P. nordicum; ACpks from A. carbonarius Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium viridicatum,Penicillium verrucosum, Penicillium nordicum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus carbonarius 1979,Huff and Hamilton, W.E. Huff and P.B. Hamilton, Mycotoxins?their biosynthesis in fungi: ochratoxins?metabolites of combined pathways, Journal of Food Protection 42 (1979), pp. 815?820.;2001Harris and Mantle, J.P. Harris and P.G. Mantle, Biosynthesis of ochratoxins by Aspergillus ochraceus, Phytochemistry 58 (2001), pp. 709?716;2009,Gallo et al.Characterisation of a pks gene which is expressed during ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus carbonarius.Int J Food Microbiol. Ochratoxin A.Mol.png
Ochrephilone Penicillium multicolor Herbert1989 17 10(8+2) Ochrephilone.Mol.png
Okadaic Acid Dinophysis sp, Prorocentrum lima Dewick2009 Okadaic Acid.Mol.png
Oleandomycin Streptomyces antibioticus Dewick2009 Oleandomycin.Mol.png
Olivetolic Acid Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae) Dewick2009 4 Olivetolic Acid.Mol.png
O-Methylasparvenone Aspergillus parvulus Herbert1989 ; 1982, Application of?2H?-isotopic shifts in?13C n.m.r. spectra to biosynthetic studies. Incorporation of [1-13C,?2H3]acetate into?O-methylasparvenone in?Aspergillus parvulus. J. Chem. SOC., Chem. Commun.,1074. 12 6 O-Methylasparvenone.Mol.png
Orcinol Aspergillus fumigatus Herbert1989 7 2 Orcinol.Mol.png
Orsellinic Acid Orsellinic acid synthase (OSAS) aviM Streptomyces viridochromogenes, Penicillium madriti Dewick2009;G.-L. Tang and W. Liu, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2006,345, 133?139. 8 4 Orsellinic Acid.Mol.png
Oxytetracycline oxy PKS (otc) OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI,OxyF,OxyL,OxyG,OxyQ,OxyR,OxyT,OxyS,OxyE,TchA Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces aureofaciens Dewick2009 19 10 Oxytetracycline.Mol.png
Palitantin Penicillium palitans Herbert1989 14 7 Palitantin.Mol.png
Patulin MSAS;ATX(=MSAS) Aspergillus clavatus,Aspergillus terreus,Penicillium patulum (=Penicillium urticae) Dewick2009;1971,Aberhart and Caspi.The fate of the 6 alpha-hydrogen of 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol in the conversion to 7-dehydrocholesterol by rat liver microsomes.J Biol Chem. 6 4 Patulin.Mol.png
Penicillic Acid Penicillium cyclopium, Penicillium baarnense Herbert1989; Dewick2009 6 4 Penicillic Acid.Mol.png
Phloracetophenone Aspergillus clavatus 8 4 Phloracetophenone.Mol.png
Phlorisobutyrophenone Isobutyrophenonesynthase(BUS) Hypericum calycinum Dewick2009 3 Phlorisobutyrophenone.Mol.png
Phlorisovalerophenone phlorisovalerophenone synthase(VPS) Humulus lululus (hop; Cannabaceae) Dewick2009 3 Phlorisovalerophenone.Mol.png
Physcion Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia Dewick2009; 15 8 Physcion.Mol.png
Picromycin Streptomyces venezuelae Herbert1989 Picromycin.Mol.png
Pimaricin Pimaricin.Mol.png
Platenomycin Herbert1989 File:Platenomycin.Mol.png
Pretetramide oxy PKS (otc) OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI Streptomyces rimosus,Streptomyces aureofaciens Dewick2009 19 9 Pretetramide.Mol.png
Protohypericin Streptomyces natalensis Dewick2009 Protohypericin.Mol.png
Pyochelin Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pyochelin.Mol.png
Pyoluteorin Pyoluteorin.Mol.png
Radicin Herbert1989 11 6 Radicin.Mol.png
Rapamycin Streptomyces hygroscopicus Dewick2009 Rapamycin.Mol.png
Ravenilin Helminthosporium ravenelii, Helminthosporium turcicum Herbert1989 12 8 Ravenilin.Mol.png
Rhein Cassia angustifolia 2002,Dewick.Medicinal natural products : a biosynthetic approach.Wiley;Dewick2009; 15 8 Rhein.Mol.png
Rifabutin Dewick2009 Rifabutin.Mol.png
Rifamycin B Amycolatopsis mediterranei Dewick2009 Rifamycin B.Mol.png
Rifapentine Dewick2009 Rifapentine.Mol.png
Rosellisin Herbert1989 8 4 Rosellisin.Mol.png
Rubrofusarin Rubrofusarin.Mol.png
Rubropunctatin Monascus pilosus Herbert1989 17 6 Rubropunctatin.Mol.png
Sclerin Sclerotinia spp Herbert1989 9 5 Sclerin.Mol.png
Sclerotinin A Sclerotinia spp Herbert1989 10 5 Sclerotinin A.Mol.png
SEK4 octaketide synthase OKS Escherichia coli Dewick2009 16 8 SEK4.Mol.png
SEK4b octaketide synthase OKS Escherichia coli Dewick2009 16 8 SEK4b.Mol.png
Selamectin Dewick2009 Selamectin.Mol.png
Sennidin A Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia) Dewick2009 8 Sennidin A.Mol.png
Sennidin B Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia) Dewick2009 8 Sennidin B.Mol.png
Sennidin C Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia) Dewick2009 8 Sennidin C.Mol.png
Sennidin D Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia) Dewick2009 8 Sennidin D.Mol.png
Sennosides A Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia) Dewick2009 8 Sennosides A.Mol.png
Sennosides B Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia) Dewick2009 8 Sennosides B.Mol.png
Sennosides C Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia) Dewick2009 8 Sennosides C.Mol.png
Sennosides D Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia) Dewick2009 8 Sennosides D.Mol.png
Sepedonin 5 Sepedonin.Mol.png
Siccanin Helminthosporium siccans Herbert1989 Siccanin.Mol.png
Silvaticamide Aspergillus silvaticus Herbert1989 ;1985 CPB_Biosynthesis of Silvaticamide, a Toxin from Aspergillus silvaticus 17 8(12) Silvaticamide.Mol.png
SMA76a pks4 from Gibberlla fujikuroi Herbert1989 18 9 SMA76a.Mol.png
SMA76b pks4 from Gibberlla fujikuroi Herbert1989 9 SMA76b.Mol.png
SMA76c pks4 from Gibberlla fujikuroi Herbert1989 9 SMA76c.Mol.png
Soraphen A Sorangium cellulosum Soraphen A.Mol.png
Spinulosin Aspergillus fumigatus Spinulosin.Mol.png
Spiramycin I Spiramycin I.Mol.png
Sterigmatocystin NSAS,PKS-st(STCA) Aspergillus nidulans(pksST)(stcA)(Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB,AflN,AflM,OmtB) Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009;2009,Hertweck.The biosynthetic logic of polyketide diversity.Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 15 10 Sterigmatocystin.Mol.png
Stigmatellin A Stigmatella aurantiaca Stigmatellin A.Mol.png
Stipitatonic Acid Penicillium stipitatum Herbert1989 ;1963,Bentley.Biosynthesis of tropolones in Penicillium stipitatum.” J Biol Chem. 9 4 Stipitatonic Acid.Mol.png
Sulochrin Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus Herbert1989 13 8 Sulochrin.Mol.png
Tacrolimus Streptomyces sp Dewick2009 Tacrolimus.Mol.png
Tajixanthone Aspergillus variecolor Herbert1989 20 8(12) Tajixanthone.Mol.png
Tennellin Tennellin.Mol.png
Terrein Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus Herbert1989 8 5 Terrein.Mol.png
Terrequinone A Aspergillus nidulans 2007,Corre and Challis.Heavy tools for genome mining.Chem Biol.;[8]2007,Bouhired et al.Accurate prediction of the Aspergillus nidulans terrequinone gene cluster boundaries using the transcriptional regulator LaeA.Fungal Genet Biol. Terrequinone A.Mol.png
Tetracenomycin F2 tcm Streptomyces glaucescens 2008,Ames et al.Crystal structure and functional analysis of tetracenomycin ARO/CYC: implications for cyclization specificity of aromatic polyketides.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Tetracenomycin F2.Mol.png
Tetracycline oxy PKS (otc) OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI,OxyF,OxyL,OxyG,OxyQ,OxyR,OxyT,OxyS,OxyE,TchA Streptomyces rimosus,Streptomyces aureofaciens Dewick2009 19 9 Tetracycline.Mol.png
Tetrahydro Cannabinol Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae) Dewick2009 Tetrahydro Cannabinol.Mol.png
Tetrahydroxynaphthalene tetrahydroxynaphthalene synthase (THNS);RppA pks1, from Colletotrichum lagenarium Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces coelicolor, Colletotrichum lagenarium 2001,Pfeifer and Khosla.Biosynthesis of polyketides in heterologous hosts.Microbiol Mol Biol Rev.;2007,American Chemical Society. Meeting (229th : 2005 : San Diego Calif.) et al.Polyketides : biosynthesis, biological activity, and genetic engineering.American Chemical Society : Distributed by Oxford University Press 10 5 Tetrahydroxynaphthalene.Mol.png
Triacetic Acid Lactone 2-pyrone synthase Gerbera hybrida 2005BB_Microbial Synthesis of Triacetic Acid Lactone 6 3 Triacetic Acid Lactone.Mol.png
Trypacidin Aspergillus fumigatus Trypacidin.Mol.png
T-Toxin PKS1 Cochliobolus heterostrophus T-Toxin.Mol.png
Tylactone Streptomyces fradiae Tylactone.Mol.png
Tylosin Streptomyces fradiae Dewick2009 Tylosin.Mol.png
Urushiol III Toxicodendron radicans,Toxicodendron toxicaria Dewick2009 Urushiol III.Mol.png
Usnic Acid Usnea spp, Cladonia spp, Flavocetraria cucculata, Flavocetraria nivalis Dewick2009; 14(8,8) 8(4,4) Usnic Acid.Mol.png
Variotin Herbert1989 12 6 Variotin.Mol.png
Versicolorin A Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009 17 10 Versicolorin A.Mol.png
Versicolorin B Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009 17 10 Versicolorin B.Mol.png
Versiconal Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA,AdhA,AvfA,EstA Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009 17 10 Versiconal.Mol.png
Versiconal Acetate Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA,AdhA,AvfA Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009 17 10 Versiconal Acetate.Mol.png
Visnagin Pentaketide chromone synthase Ammi visnaga Dewick2009 11 5 Visnagin.Mol.png
WA-Naphthopyron wA Aspergillus nidulans WA-Naphthopyron.Mol.png
Zaragozic Acids A Sporomiella intermedia, Leptodontium elatius Zaragozic Acids A.Mol.png
Zearalenone Dewick2009 Zearalenone.Mol.png
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