Index:PK

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{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
−
! name || PKS || gene || organism || Ref || Note ||
+
! name  
 +
! Image
 +
! Size
 +
! C2
 +
!style="width:10%"| PKS  
 +
!style="width:10%"| gene  
 +
!style="width:10%"| organism  
 +
!style="width:10%"| Ref  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:1,3,8-Trihydroxyaceto-Naphthalene.Mol|1,3,8-Trihydroxyaceto-Naphthalene]]
 
| [[Mol:1,3,8-Trihydroxyaceto-Naphthalene.Mol|1,3,8-Trihydroxyaceto-Naphthalene]]
 +
| [[Image:1,3,8-Trihydroxyaceto-Naphthalene.Mol.png]]
 +
| 12
 +
| 6
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus parvulus
 
| Aspergillus parvulus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| Compound name have not been confirmed. Naphthalene is the base structure of statins.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 12
 
−
| 6
 
−
| [[Image:1,3,8-Trihydroxyaceto-Naphthalene.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:1,3-Dihydroxy-N-Methylacridone.Mol|1,3-Dihydroxy-N-Methylacridone]]
 
| [[Mol:1,3-Dihydroxy-N-Methylacridone.Mol|1,3-Dihydroxy-N-Methylacridone]]
 +
| [[Image:1,3-Dihydroxy-N-Methylacridone.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 3
 
| Acridone synthase
 
| Acridone synthase
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| acridine alkaloid, starter is Anthranilic acid
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 3
 
−
| [[Image:1,3-Dihydroxy-N-Methylacridone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:3,8-Dihydroxy-1-Methylanthraquinone-2-Carboxylic Acid.Mol|3,8-Dihydroxy-1-Methylanthraquinone-2-Carboxylic Acid]]
 
| [[Mol:3,8-Dihydroxy-1-Methylanthraquinone-2-Carboxylic Acid.Mol|3,8-Dihydroxy-1-Methylanthraquinone-2-Carboxylic Acid]]
 +
| [[Image:3,8-Dihydroxy-1-Methylanthraquinone-2-Carboxylic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Staunton&Weissman2001
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Staunton&Weissman2001
−
|
+
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:3,8-Dihydroxy-1-Methylanthraquinone-2-Carboxylic Acid.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:4-Hydroxy-2-Quinolone.Mol|4-Hydroxy-2-Quinolone]]
 
| [[Mol:4-Hydroxy-2-Quinolone.Mol|4-Hydroxy-2-Quinolone]]
 +
| [[Image:4-Hydroxy-2-Quinolone.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 1
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| quinoline alkaloid, starter is Anthranilic acid
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 1
 
−
| [[Image:4-Hydroxy-2-Quinolone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:5,7-Dihydroxy-2-Methylchromone.Mol|5,7-Dihydroxy-2-Methylchromone]]
 
| [[Mol:5,7-Dihydroxy-2-Methylchromone.Mol|5,7-Dihydroxy-2-Methylchromone]]
 +
| [[Image:5,7-Dihydroxy-2-Methylchromone.Mol.png]]
 +
| 10
 +
| 5
 
| Pentaketide chromone synthase
 
| Pentaketide chromone synthase
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Ammi visnaga
 
| Ammi visnaga
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| furochromones,aromatic pentaketide.The starter unitis derived by decarboxylation.precursor of the well known antiasthmatic furochromones, kehellin and visnagin.PCS,Pentaketide chromone synthase ,plant-speci?c type III PKS
 
−
|
 
−
| Escherichia coli
 
−
| 10
 
−
| 5
 
−
| [[Image:5,7-Dihydroxy-2-Methylchromone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:5-Methylorsellinic Acid.Mol|5-Methylorsellinic Acid]]
 
| [[Mol:5-Methylorsellinic Acid.Mol|5-Methylorsellinic Acid]]
 +
| [[Image:5-Methylorsellinic Acid.Mol.png]]
 +
| 8
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus flaviceps
 
| Aspergillus flaviceps
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| C-methylated analogue of orsellinic acid,the extra methyl is derived from SAM.
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:6-Deoxy-Erythronolide B.Mol|6-Deoxy-Erythronolide B]]
 +
| [[Image:6-Deoxy-Erythronolide B.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| 8
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:5-Methylorsellinic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:6-Deoxy-Erythronolide B.Mol|6-Deoxy-Erythronolide B]]
 
 
| DEBS
 
| DEBS
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:6-Deoxy-Erythronolide B.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:6-Methoxymellein.Mol|6-Methoxymellein]]
 
| [[Mol:6-Methoxymellein.Mol|6-Methoxymellein]]
 +
| [[Image:6-Methoxymellein.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 5
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 5
 
−
| [[Image:6-Methoxymellein.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:6-Methyl Salicylic Acid.Mol|6-Methyl Salicylic Acid]]
 
| [[Mol:6-Methyl Salicylic Acid.Mol|6-Methyl Salicylic Acid]]
 +
| [[Image:6-Methyl Salicylic Acid.Mol.png]]
 +
| 8
 +
| 4
 
| 6-MSAS/P. patulum(ATX/Aspergillus terreus)
 
| 6-MSAS/P. patulum(ATX/Aspergillus terreus)
 
| atX
 
| atX
 
| Penicillium patulum, Aspergillus terreus
 
| Penicillium patulum, Aspergillus terreus
 
| S. Gaisser, A. Trefzer, S. Stckert, A. Kirshning and A. Bechthold, J. Bacteriol., 1997, 179, 6271?6278.;Staunton&Weissman2001
 
| S. Gaisser, A. Trefzer, S. Stckert, A. Kirshning and A. Bechthold, J. Bacteriol., 1997, 179, 6271?6278.;Staunton&Weissman2001
−
| lack 2 OH group
 
−
|
 
−
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae, E. coli
 
−
| 8
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:6-Methyl Salicylic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Actinorhodin.Mol|Actinorhodin]]
 
| [[Mol:Actinorhodin.Mol|Actinorhodin]]
 +
| [[Image:Actinorhodin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 16
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
| act
 
| act
 
| Streptomyces coelicolor
 
| Streptomyces coelicolor
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| Streptomyces parvulus
 
−
| 16
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Actinorhodin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Adhyperforin.Mol|Adhyperforin]]
 
| [[Mol:Adhyperforin.Mol|Adhyperforin]]
 +
| [[Image:Adhyperforin.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Hypericum perforatum
 
| Hypericum perforatum
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Adhyperforin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Aflatoxin B1.Mol|Aflatoxin B1]]
 
| [[Mol:Aflatoxin B1.Mol|Aflatoxin B1]]
 +
| [[Image:Aflatoxin B1.Mol.png]]
 +
| 14
 +
| 10
 
| PKSL1/Aspergillus parasiticus=PKSA
 
| PKSL1/Aspergillus parasiticus=PKSA
 
| pksL1/Aspergillus parasiticus (Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB,AflN,AflM,OmtB,OmtA,OrdA)
 
| pksL1/Aspergillus parasiticus (Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB,AflN,AflM,OmtB,OmtA,OrdA)
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
 
| Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
−
| Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.The Aspergillus parasiticus polyketide synthase genepksA, a homolog of Aspergillus nidulans wA, is required for aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 14
 
−
| 10
 
−
| [[Image:Aflatoxin B1.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Aflatoxin B2.Mol|Aflatoxin B2]]
 
| [[Mol:Aflatoxin B2.Mol|Aflatoxin B2]]
 +
| [[Image:Aflatoxin B2.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| Hexanoate is the starter unit
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Aflatoxin B2.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Aflatoxin G1.Mol|Aflatoxin G1]]
 
| [[Mol:Aflatoxin G1.Mol|Aflatoxin G1]]
 +
| [[Image:Aflatoxin G1.Mol.png]]
 +
| 11
 +
| 10
 
|  
 
|  
 
| (Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB,AflN,AflM,OmtB,OmtA,OrdA)
 
| (Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB,AflN,AflM,OmtB,OmtA,OrdA)
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
 
| Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
−
| Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors. Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 11
 
−
| 10
 
−
| [[Image:Aflatoxin G1.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Aflatoxin G2.Mol|Aflatoxin G2]]
 
| [[Mol:Aflatoxin G2.Mol|Aflatoxin G2]]
 +
| [[Image:Aflatoxin G2.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| Hexanoate is the starter unit
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Aflatoxin M1.Mol|Aflatoxin M1]]
 +
| [[Image:Aflatoxin M1.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Aflatoxin G2.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Aflatoxin M1.Mol|Aflatoxin M1]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| Hexanoate is the starter unit
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Aflatoxin M1.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Aloe-Emodin.Mol|Aloe-Emodin]]
 
| [[Mol:Aloe-Emodin.Mol|Aloe-Emodin]]
 +
| [[Image:Aloe-Emodin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 15
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aloe ferox
 
| Aloe ferox
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 15
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Aloe-Emodin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Aloesaponarin II.Mol|Aloesaponarin II]]
 
| [[Mol:Aloesaponarin II.Mol|Aloesaponarin II]]
 +
| [[Image:Aloesaponarin II.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
−
|
+
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Aloesaponarin II.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Alternapyrone.Mol|Alternapyrone]]
 
| [[Mol:Alternapyrone.Mol|Alternapyrone]]
 +
| [[Image:Alternapyrone.Mol.png]]
 +
| 20
 +
| 10
 
| PKSN
 
| PKSN
 
| alt5 from Alternaria solani
 
| alt5 from Alternaria solani
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 2005,Fujii et al.An iterative type I polyketide synthase PKSN catalyzes synthesis of the decaketide alternapyrone with regio-specific octa-methylation.Chem Biol.
 
| 2005,Fujii et al.An iterative type I polyketide synthase PKSN catalyzes synthesis of the decaketide alternapyrone with regio-specific octa-methylation.Chem Biol.
−
| decaketide-derived a-pyrone with eight methyl branches
 
−
|
 
−
| a-amylase promoter/A. oryzae
 
−
| 20
 
−
| 10
 
−
| [[Image:Alternapyrone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Alternaric Acid.Mol|Alternaric Acid]]
 
| [[Mol:Alternaric Acid.Mol|Alternaric Acid]]
 +
| [[Image:Alternaric Acid.Mol.png]]
 +
| 17
 +
| 6
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternata (formerly known as A. kikuchiana)
 
| Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternata (formerly known as A. kikuchiana)
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| biosynthesized from two polyketide chains. Contribute to disease development in the plant host by the fungus. Condensation if a hexaketide-derived acyl derivative with dihyfrotriacetic acid lactone.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 17
 
−
| 6
 
−
| [[Image:Alternaric Acid.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Alternariol.Mol|Alternariol]]
 
| [[Mol:Alternariol.Mol|Alternariol]]
 +
| [[Image:Alternariol.Mol.png]]
 +
| 14
 +
| 7
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Alternaria tenuis
 
| Alternaria tenuis
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 14
 
−
| 7
 
−
| [[Image:Alternariol.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Amphotericin B.Mol|Amphotericin B]]
 
| [[Mol:Amphotericin B.Mol|Amphotericin B]]
 +
| [[Image:Amphotericin B.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Dewick2009
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Dewick2009
−
|
+
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Amphotericin B.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Andrimid .Mol|Andrimid ]]
 
| [[Mol:Andrimid .Mol|Andrimid ]]
 +
| [[Image:Andrimid .Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 273: Line 215:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Andrimid .Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Aschochitin.Mol|Aschochitin]]
 
| [[Mol:Aschochitin.Mol|Aschochitin]]
 +
| [[Image:Aschochitin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Herbert1989
 
−
| structurally related to citrinin and and its biosynthesis similar.
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Herbert1989
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Aschochitin.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Ascomycin.Mol|Ascomycin]]
 
| [[Mol:Ascomycin.Mol|Ascomycin]]
 +
| [[Image:Ascomycin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Dewick2009
 
−
| FK520
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Dewick2009
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Ascomycin.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Aslaniol.Mol|Aslaniol]]
 
| [[Mol:Aslaniol.Mol|Aslaniol]]
 +
| [[Image:Aslaniol.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
 
| PKSF from A. solani
 
| PKSF from A. solani
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 2009,Fujii.Heterologous expression systems for polyketide synthases.Nat Prod Rep.
 
| 2009,Fujii.Heterologous expression systems for polyketide synthases.Nat Prod Rep.
−
| dodecaketide
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Aslanipyrone.Mol|Aslanipyrone]]
 +
| [[Image:Aslanipyrone.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
−
| a-amylase promoter/A. oryzae
 
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Aslaniol.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Aslanipyrone.Mol|Aslanipyrone]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| PKSF from A. solani
 
| PKSF from A. solani
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 2009,Fujii.Heterologous expression systems for polyketide synthases.Nat Prod Rep.
 
| 2009,Fujii.Heterologous expression systems for polyketide synthases.Nat Prod Rep.
−
| undecaketide
 
−
|
 
−
| a-amylase promoter/A. oryzae
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Aslanipyrone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Asperlactone.Mol|Asperlactone]]
 
| [[Mol:Asperlactone.Mol|Asperlactone]]
 +
| [[Image:Asperlactone.Mol.png]]
 +
| 8
 +
| 5
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus melleus
 
| Aspergillus melleus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|  
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Asperlin.Mol|Asperlin]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Asperlin.Mol.png]]
 
| 8
 
| 8
 
| 5
 
| 5
−
| [[Image:Asperlactone.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Asperlin.Mol|Asperlin]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus nidulans
 
| Aspergillus nidulans
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
 +
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Aspyridone A.Mol|Aspyridone A]]
 +
| [[Image:Aspyridone A.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
| 8
 
−
| 5
 
−
| [[Image:Asperlin.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Aspyridone A.Mol|Aspyridone A]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus nidulans
 
| Aspergillus nidulans
 
| 2007,Bergmann et al.Genomics-driven discovery of PKS-NRPS hybrid metabolites from Aspergillus nidulans.Nat Chem Biol.;Challis2008
 
| 2007,Bergmann et al.Genomics-driven discovery of PKS-NRPS hybrid metabolites from Aspergillus nidulans.Nat Chem Biol.;Challis2008
−
| PKS-NRPS hybrid metabolites
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Aspyridone A.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Aspyridone B.Mol|Aspyridone B]]
 
| [[Mol:Aspyridone B.Mol|Aspyridone B]]
 +
| [[Image:Aspyridone B.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Challis2008
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Challis2008
−
|
+
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Aspyridone B.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Aspyrone.Mol|Aspyrone]]
 
| [[Mol:Aspyrone.Mol|Aspyrone]]
 +
| [[Image:Aspyrone.Mol.png]]
 +
| 7
 +
| 5
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus melleus
 
| Aspergillus melleus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 7
 
−
| 5
 
−
| [[Image:Aspyrone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Asteltoxin.Mol|Asteltoxin]]
 
| [[Mol:Asteltoxin.Mol|Asteltoxin]]
 +
| [[Image:Asteltoxin.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 9
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus stellatus
 
| Aspergillus stellatus
 
| Herbert1989 ;Kruger,G.J.,Steyn,P.S.,Vleggaar,R.,andRabie,C.J.(1979).X-raycrystalstructureofasteltoxin,anovelmycotoxinfrom Aspergillusstellatus Curzi.J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun. 441?442.
 
| Herbert1989 ;Kruger,G.J.,Steyn,P.S.,Vleggaar,R.,andRabie,C.J.(1979).X-raycrystalstructureofasteltoxin,anovelmycotoxinfrom Aspergillusstellatus Curzi.J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun. 441?442.
−
| linear a-pyrone-containingpolyketide. starter propionate and eight malonate; Or from acetate and methionine instead of propionate. Structurally related to citreoviridin and aurovertin
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 9
 
−
| [[Image:Asteltoxin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Astepyrone.Mol|Astepyrone]]
 
| [[Mol:Astepyrone.Mol|Astepyrone]]
 +
| [[Image:Astepyrone.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus terreus
 
| Aspergillus terreus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:Astepyrone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Atrochrysone.Mol|Atrochrysone]]
 
| [[Mol:Atrochrysone.Mol|Atrochrysone]]
 +
| [[Image:Atrochrysone.Mol.png]]
 +
| 15
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp
 
| Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|  
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Atrochrysone Carboxylic Acid.Mol|Atrochrysone Carboxylic Acid]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Atrochrysone Carboxylic Acid.Mol.png]]
−
| 15
+
| 16
 
| 8
 
| 8
−
| [[Image:Atrochrysone.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Atrochrysone Aarboxylic Acid.Mol|Atrochrysone Aarboxylic Acid]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp
 
| Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
 +
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Aureothin.Mol|Aureothin]]
 +
| [[Image:Aureothin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
| 16
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Atrochrysone Aarboxylic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Aureothin.Mol|Aureothin]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces thioluteus
 
| Streptomyces thioluteus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| mixed origins, from propionate and single acetate plus p-nitrobenzoic acid
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Aureothin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Aurovertin.Mol|Aurovertin]]
 
| [[Mol:Aurovertin.Mol|Aurovertin]]
 +
| [[Image:Aurovertin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Streptomyces thioluteus
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| Streptomyces thioluteus
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Aurovertin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Austdiol.Mol|Austdiol]]
 
| [[Mol:Austdiol.Mol|Austdiol]]
 +
| [[Image:Austdiol.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 5
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989 ;1983J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun_Evidence for a mono-oxygenase mechanism in the biosynthesis of austdiol
 
| Herbert1989 ;1983J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun_Evidence for a mono-oxygenase mechanism in the biosynthesis of austdiol
−
| Austdiol has a structure similar to citrinin and its biosynthesis appears to be similar.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 5
 
−
| [[Image:Austdiol.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Avenaciolide.Mol|Avenaciolide]]
 
| [[Mol:Avenaciolide.Mol|Avenaciolide]]
 +
| [[Image:Avenaciolide.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Herbert1989
 
−
| from acetate/malonate plus succinyl CoA
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Herbert1989
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Avenaciolide.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Averantin.Mol|Averantin]]
 
| [[Mol:Averantin.Mol|Averantin]]
 +
| [[Image:Averantin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 20
 +
| 10
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Nor-1;StcE
 
| Nor-1;StcE
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009
 
| SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009
−
| Anthraquinone. Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Avermectin B1A.Mol|Avermectin B1a]]
 +
| [[Image:Avermectin B1A.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| 20
 
−
| 10
 
−
| [[Image:Averantin.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Avermectin B1a.Mol|Avermectin B1a]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| macrolides
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Avermectin B2A.Mol|Avermectin B2a]]
 +
| [[Image:Avermectin B2A.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Avermectin B1a.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Avermectin B2a.Mol|Avermectin B2a]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| macrolides
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Avermectin B2a.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Averufin.Mol|Averufin]]
 
| [[Mol:Averufin.Mol|Averufin]]
 +
| [[Image:Averufin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 20
 +
| 10
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA,AdhA
 
| Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA,AdhA
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009
 
| SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009
−
|  Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 20
 
−
| 10
 
−
| [[Image:Averufin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Avilamycin.Mol|Avilamycin]]
 
| [[Mol:Avilamycin.Mol|Avilamycin]]
 +
| [[Image:Avilamycin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Dewick2009
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Dewick2009
−
|
+
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Avilamycin.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Barnol.Mol|Barnol]]
 
| [[Mol:Barnol.Mol|Barnol]]
 +
| [[Image:Barnol.Mol.png]]
 +
| 9
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium baarnense
 
| Penicillium baarnense
 
| Herbert1989
 
| Herbert1989
−
| one methyl group derives from methionine and the other by reduction of a carboxy-group. The ethyl group derives form C-2 of acetate and methionine.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 9
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:Barnol.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Benzophenone.Mol|Benzophenone]]
 
| [[Mol:Benzophenone.Mol|Benzophenone]]
 +
| [[Image:Benzophenone.Mol.png]]
 +
| 14
 +
| 7
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium griseofulvin
 
| Penicillium griseofulvin
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
| probable intermediate of griseofulvin
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 14
 
−
| 7
 
−
| [[Image:Benzophenone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Bikaverin.Mol|Bikaverin]]
 
| [[Mol:Bikaverin.Mol|Bikaverin]]
 +
| [[Image:Bikaverin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 18
 +
| 9
 
| Bikaverin nonaketide synthase
 
| Bikaverin nonaketide synthase
 
| PKS4 from Gibberella fujikuroi
 
| PKS4 from Gibberella fujikuroi
 
| Gibberella fujikuroi
 
| Gibberella fujikuroi
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| nonaketide, from singal chain
 
−
|
 
−
| E.coli.
 
−
| 18
 
−
| 9
 
−
| [[Image:Bikaverin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Botryodiplodin.Mol|Botryodiplodin]]
 
| [[Mol:Botryodiplodin.Mol|Botryodiplodin]]
 +
| [[Image:Botryodiplodin.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| like penicillic acid ,via orsellinic acid but cleavage occurs between C-3 and C-4 instead of C-4 and C-5, C-4 is lost at some stage
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:Botryodiplodin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Brefeldin A.Mol|Brefeldin A]]
 
| [[Mol:Brefeldin A.Mol|Brefeldin A]]
 +
| [[Image:Brefeldin A.Mol.png]]
 +
| 16
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium decumbens, Penicillium brefeldianum, Penicillium cyaneum, Aspergillus clavatus,Eupenicillium brefeldianum,
 
| Penicillium decumbens, Penicillium brefeldianum, Penicillium cyaneum, Aspergillus clavatus,Eupenicillium brefeldianum,
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| a macrolide, different molecules of oxygen precludes a biosynthetic mechanism similar to prostaglandins.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 16
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Brefeldin A.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Brevetoxin A.Mol|Brevetoxin A]]
 
| [[Mol:Brevetoxin A.Mol|Brevetoxin A]]
 +
| [[Image:Brevetoxin A.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Karenia brevis
 
| Karenia brevis
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| polyether
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Brevetoxin B.Mol|Brevetoxin B]]
 +
| [[Image:Brevetoxin B.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Brevetoxin A.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Brevetoxin B.Mol|Brevetoxin B]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Karenia brevis
 
| Karenia brevis
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| polyether
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Brevetoxin B.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:C-1027.Mol|C-1027]]
 
| [[Mol:C-1027.Mol|C-1027]]
 +
| [[Image:C-1027.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 633: Line 485:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Calichemicin Gamma1.Mol|Calichemicin Gamma1]]
 +
| [[Image:Calichemicin Gamma1.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:C-1027.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Calichemicin Gamma1.Mol|Calichemicin Gamma1]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Micromonospora echinospora
 
| Micromonospora echinospora
 
| 2009,Belecki et al.Production of octaketide polyenes by the calicheamicin polyketide synthase CalE8: implications for the biosynthesis of enediyne core structures.J Am Chem Soc
 
| 2009,Belecki et al.Production of octaketide polyenes by the calicheamicin polyketide synthase CalE8: implications for the biosynthesis of enediyne core structures.J Am Chem Soc
 +
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Cannabidiol.Mol|Cannabidiol]]
 +
| [[Image:Cannabidiol.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Calichemicin Gamma1.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Cannabidiol.Mol|Cannabidiol]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| cannabinoids, terpenophenolics, A saturated C6 hexanoate starter unit ,olivetolic acid is the precursor
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Cannabigerolic Acid.Mol|Cannabigerolic Acid]]
 +
| [[Image:Cannabigerolic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Cannabidiol.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Cannabigerolic Acid.Mol|Cannabigerolic Acid]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| cannabinoids, terpenophenolics, A saturated C6 hexanoate starter unit ,olivetolic acid is the precursor
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Cannabinol.Mol|Cannabinol]]
 +
| [[Image:Cannabinol.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Cannabigerolic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Cannabinol.Mol|Cannabinol]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| cannabinoids, terpenophenolics, A saturated C6 hexanoate starter unit ,olivetolic acid is the precursor
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Cannabinol.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Cercosporin.Mol|Cercosporin]]
 
| [[Mol:Cercosporin.Mol|Cercosporin]]
 +
| [[Image:Cercosporin.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 7
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cercospora sp, Cercospora kikuchii
 
| Cercospora sp, Cercospora kikuchii
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 7
 
−
| [[Image:Cercosporin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Chlortetracycline.Mol|Chlortetracycline]]
 
| [[Mol:Chlortetracycline.Mol|Chlortetracycline]]
 +
| [[Image:Chlortetracycline.Mol.png]]
 +
| 19
 +
| 8
 
| oxy PKS (otc)
 
| oxy PKS (otc)
 
| OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI,OxyF,OxyL,OxyG,OxyQ,OxyR,OxyT,OxyS,OxyE,TchA
 
| OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI,OxyF,OxyL,OxyG,OxyQ,OxyR,OxyT,OxyS,OxyE,TchA
 
| Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces aureofaciens
 
| Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces aureofaciens
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| starter group is malonamyl-Co. a precursor of tetracycline. Tetracyclic backbone
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 19
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Chlortetracycline.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Chrysomycin A.Mol|Chrysomycin A]]
 
| [[Mol:Chrysomycin A.Mol|Chrysomycin A]]
 +
| [[Image:Chrysomycin A.Mol.png]]
 +
| 17
 +
| 9
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces sp
 
| Streptomyces sp
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|  
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Chrysomycin B.Mol|Chrysomycin B]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Chrysomycin B.Mol.png]]
 
| 17
 
| 17
 
| 9
 
| 9
−
| [[Image:Chrysomycin A.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Chrysomycin B.Mol|Chrysomycin B]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces sp
 
| Streptomyces sp
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 17
 
−
| 9
 
−
| [[Image:Chrysomycin B.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Chrysophanol.Mol|Chrysophanol]]
 
| [[Mol:Chrysophanol.Mol|Chrysophanol]]
 +
| [[Image:Chrysophanol.Mol.png]]
 +
| 15
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Asahina chrysantha, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Asahina chrysantha, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|  
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Chrysophanol Anthrone.Mol|Chrysophanol Anthrone]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Chrysophanol Anthrone.Mol.png]]
 
| 15
 
| 15
 
| 8
 
| 8
−
| [[Image:Chrysophanol.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Chrysophanol Anthrone.Mol|Chrysophanol Anthrone]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Asahina chrysantha, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Asahina chrysantha, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
 +
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Ciguatoxin I.Mol|Ciguatoxin I]]
 +
| [[Image:Ciguatoxin I.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
| 15
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Chrysophanol Anthrone.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Ciguatoxin I.Mol|Ciguatoxin I]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Gymnothorax javanicus, Lutjanus bohar
 
| Gymnothorax javanicus, Lutjanus bohar
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| polyether
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Citreomontanin.Mol|Citreomontanin]]
 +
| [[Image:Citreomontanin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Ciguatoxin I.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Citreomontanin.Mol|Citreomontanin]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium pedemontanum
 
| Penicillium pedemontanum
 
| 1981,Sylvie Rebuffat, Daniel Davoust and Darius Molho, Phytochemistry, Biosynthesis of citreomontanin in Penicillium pedemontanum
 
| 1981,Sylvie Rebuffat, Daniel Davoust and Darius Molho, Phytochemistry, Biosynthesis of citreomontanin in Penicillium pedemontanum
−
| linear a-pyrone-containingpolyketide
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Citreomontanin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Citreoviridin.Mol|Citreoviridin]]
 
| [[Mol:Citreoviridin.Mol|Citreoviridin]]
 +
| [[Image:Citreoviridin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Sakabe,N.,Goto,T.,andHirata,Y.(1977).Structureofcitreoviridin,amycotoxinproducedby Penicilliumcitreo-viride molded onrice.Tetrahedron 33,3077?3081.;Niwa,M.,Endo,T.,Ogiso,S.,Furukawa,H.,andYamamura,S. (1981).Twonewpyrones,metabolitesof Penicilliumcitreo-viride Biouge.Chem.Lett.(Jpn)1285?1288
 
−
| linear a-pyrone-containingpolyketide
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Sakabe,N.,Goto,T.,andHirata,Y.(1977).Structureofcitreoviridin,amycotoxinproducedby Penicilliumcitreo-viride molded onrice.Tetrahedron 33,3077?3081.;Niwa,M.,Endo,T.,Ogiso,S.,Furukawa,H.,andYamamura,S. (1981).Twonewpyrones,metabolitesof Penicilliumcitreo-viride Biouge.Chem.Lett.(Jpn)1285?1288
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Citreoviridin.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Citrinin.Mol|Citrinin]]
 
| [[Mol:Citrinin.Mol|Citrinin]]
 +
| [[Image:Citrinin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 10
 +
| 5
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium citrinum
 
| Penicillium citrinum
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| via a dihydro-isocoumarins
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 10
 
−
| 5
 
−
| [[Image:Citrinin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Clavatol.Mol|Clavatol]]
 
| [[Mol:Clavatol.Mol|Clavatol]]
 +
| [[Image:Clavatol.Mol.png]]
 +
| 8
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus clavatus
 
| Aspergillus clavatus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|  
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Coarctatin.Mol|Coarctatin]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Coarctatin.Mol.png]]
 
| 8
 
| 8
 
| 4
 
| 4
−
| [[Image:Clavatol.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Coarctatin.Mol|Coarctatin]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| two carbons from methionine
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 8
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:Coarctatin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Colletodiol.Mol|Colletodiol]]
 
| [[Mol:Colletodiol.Mol|Colletodiol]]
 +
| [[Image:Colletodiol.Mol.png]]
 +
| 8
 +
| 7(4+3)
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cytospora spp
 
| Cytospora spp
 
| Herbert1989 ;1993Biosynthesis of colletodiol and related polyketide macrodiolides in Cytospora sp. ATCC 20502 : synthesis and metabolism of advanced intermediates
 
| Herbert1989 ;1993Biosynthesis of colletodiol and related polyketide macrodiolides in Cytospora sp. ATCC 20502 : synthesis and metabolism of advanced intermediates
−
| non-aromatic,by tetraketide and triketide
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 8
 
−
| 7(4+3)
 
−
| [[Image:Colletodiol.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Compactin.Mol|Compactin]]
 
| [[Mol:Compactin.Mol|Compactin]]
 +
| [[Image:Compactin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 849: Line 647:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Compactin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Curvularin.Mol|Curvularin]]
 
| [[Mol:Curvularin.Mol|Curvularin]]
 +
| [[Image:Curvularin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 16
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium sp FP1768, Penicillium baradicum Hellllinrll Osporiulll
 
| Penicillium sp FP1768, Penicillium baradicum Hellllinrll Osporiulll
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| similar in chemical structure to zearalenone
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 16
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Curvularin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Deoxyherquienone.Mol|Deoxyherquienone]]
 
| [[Mol:Deoxyherquienone.Mol|Deoxyherquienone]]
 +
| [[Image:Deoxyherquienone.Mol.png]]
 +
| 15
 +
| 7
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| fungal phenalenones
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 15
 
−
| 7
 
−
| [[Image:Deoxyherquienone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Deoxyradicin.Mol|Deoxyradicin]]
 
| [[Mol:Deoxyradicin.Mol|Deoxyradicin]]
 +
| [[Image:Deoxyradicin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 11
 +
| 6
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 11
 
−
| 6
 
−
| [[Image:Deoxyradicin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Dihydroisocoumarin.Mol|Dihydroisocoumarin]]
 
| [[Mol:Dihydroisocoumarin.Mol|Dihydroisocoumarin]]
 +
| [[Image:Dihydroisocoumarin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 10
 +
| 5
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus terreus
 
| Aspergillus terreus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|  
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Diplosporin.Mol|Diplosporin]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Diplosporin.Mol.png]]
 
| 10
 
| 10
 
| 5
 
| 5
−
| [[Image:Dihydroisocoumarin.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Diplosporin.Mol|Diplosporin]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Diplodia macrospora
 
| Diplodia macrospora
 
| Herbert1989 ;1983, Charles P. Gorst-Allman, Pieter S. Steyn and Robert Vleggaar, Biosynthesis of diplosporin by Diplodia macrospora. Part 2. Investigation of ring formation using stable isotopes. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1,?1357 - 1359
 
| Herbert1989 ;1983, Charles P. Gorst-Allman, Pieter S. Steyn and Robert Vleggaar, Biosynthesis of diplosporin by Diplodia macrospora. Part 2. Investigation of ring formation using stable isotopes. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1,?1357 - 1359
−
| two C1 units from methionine, C11 plus C12 constitute the starter acetate
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 10
 
−
| 5
 
−
| [[Image:Diplosporin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Discodermolide.Mol|Discodermolide]]
 
| [[Mol:Discodermolide.Mol|Discodermolide]]
 +
| [[Image:Discodermolide.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Dewick2009
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Dewick2009
−
|
+
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Discodermolide.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Doramectin.Mol|Doramectin]]
 
| [[Mol:Doramectin.Mol|Doramectin]]
 +
| [[Image:Doramectin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Dewick2009
 
−
| macrolides
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Dewick2009
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Doramectin.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Dothistromin.Mol|Dothistromin]]
 
| [[Mol:Dothistromin.Mol|Dothistromin]]
 +
| [[Image:Dothistromin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 945: Line 719:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Doxorubicin.Mol|Doxorubicin]]
 +
| [[Image:Doxorubicin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Dothistromin.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Doxorubicin.Mol|Doxorubicin]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces peuceticus
 
| Streptomyces peuceticus
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| Adriamycin. anthracycline antibiotics,The starter group for the type II PKS is propionyl-CoA
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Doxorubicin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Emodin.Mol|Emodin]]
 
| [[Mol:Emodin.Mol|Emodin]]
 +
| [[Image:Emodin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 15
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|  
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Emodin Anthrone.Mol|Emodin Anthrone]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Emodin Anthrone.Mol.png]]
 
| 15
 
| 15
 
| 8
 
| 8
−
| [[Image:Emodin.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Emodin Anthrone.Mol|Emodin Anthrone]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 15
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Emodin Anthrone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Emodin Dianthrone.Mol|Emodin Dianthrone]]
 
| [[Mol:Emodin Dianthrone.Mol|Emodin Dianthrone]]
 +
| [[Image:Emodin Dianthrone.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Dewick2009
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Dewick2009
−
|
+
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Emodin Dianthrone.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Endocrocin.Mol|Endocrocin]]
 
| [[Mol:Endocrocin.Mol|Endocrocin]]
 +
| [[Image:Endocrocin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 16
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|  
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Endocrocin Anthrone.Mol|Endocrocin Anthrone]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Endocrocin Anthrone.Mol.png]]
 
| 16
 
| 16
 
| 8
 
| 8
−
| [[Image:Endocrocin.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Endocrocin Anthrone.Mol|Endocrocin Anthrone]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 16
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Endocrocin Anthrone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Enniatin B.Mol|Enniatin B]]
 
| [[Mol:Enniatin B.Mol|Enniatin B]]
 +
| [[Image:Enniatin B.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,029: Line 782:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Enniatin B.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Enterocin.Mol|Enterocin]]
 
| [[Mol:Enterocin.Mol|Enterocin]]
 +
| [[Image:Enterocin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Streptomyces maritimus
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| Streptomyces maritimus
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Enterocin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Epothilone A.Mol|Epothilone A]]
 
| [[Mol:Epothilone A.Mol|Epothilone A]]
 +
| [[Image:Epothilone A.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Dewick2009
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Dewick2009
−
|
+
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Epothilone A.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Epothilone B.Mol|Epothilone B]]
 
| [[Mol:Epothilone B.Mol|Epothilone B]]
 +
| [[Image:Epothilone B.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Dewick2009
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Dewick2009
−
|
+
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Epothilone B.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Epothilone C.Mol|Epothilone C]]
 
| [[Mol:Epothilone C.Mol|Epothilone C]]
 +
| [[Image:Epothilone C.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Dewick2009
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Dewick2009
−
|
+
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Epothilone C.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Epothilone D.Mol|Epothilone D]]
 
| [[Mol:Epothilone D.Mol|Epothilone D]]
 +
| [[Image:Epothilone D.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Dewick2009
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Dewick2009
−
|
+
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Epothilone D.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Epoxydon.Mol|Epoxydon]]
 
| [[Mol:Epoxydon.Mol|Epoxydon]]
 +
| [[Image:Epoxydon.Mol.png]]
 +
| 7
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Phyllosticta sp
 
| Phyllosticta sp
 
| Herbert1989 ;1975 Biosynthesis of Epoxydon and Related Compounds by Phyllosticta sp. Agric. Bioi. Chem. ( Japan), 39,409-13
 
| Herbert1989 ;1975 Biosynthesis of Epoxydon and Related Compounds by Phyllosticta sp. Agric. Bioi. Chem. ( Japan), 39,409-13
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 7
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:Epoxydon.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Epsilon-Pyrromycinone.Mol|Epsilon-Pyrromycinone]]
 
| [[Mol:Epsilon-Pyrromycinone.Mol|Epsilon-Pyrromycinone]]
 +
| [[Image:Epsilon-Pyrromycinone.Mol.png]]
 +
| 20
 +
| 9
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| 9 acetate units. propionate starter unit is extended by malonate unit.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 20
 
−
| 9
 
−
| [[Image:Epsilon-Pyrromycinone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Erythromycin.Mol|Erythromycin]]
 
| [[Mol:Erythromycin.Mol|Erythromycin]]
 +
| [[Image:Erythromycin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Dewick2009
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Dewick2009
−
|
+
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Erythromycin.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Flavipin.Mol|Flavipin]]
 
| [[Mol:Flavipin.Mol|Flavipin]]
 +
| [[Image:Flavipin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 8
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus flaviceps
 
| Aspergillus flaviceps
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 8
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:Flavipin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Fumigatin.Mol|Fumigatin]]
 
| [[Mol:Fumigatin.Mol|Fumigatin]]
 +
| [[Image:Fumigatin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 7
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| carboxy-group is lost after introduction of the C-5 hydroxy-group;otherwise a symmetrical intermediate would have been generated.
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Fumonisin B1.Mol|Fumonisin B1]]
 +
| [[Image:Fumonisin B1.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| 7
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:Fumigatin.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Fumonisin B1.Mol|Fumonisin B1]]
 
 
| FUM5
 
| FUM5
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Fusarium verticillioides, Gibberella fujikuroi
 
| Fusarium verticillioides, Gibberella fujikuroi
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Nonaketide
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Fumonisin B1.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Furanomycin.Mol|Furanomycin]]
 
| [[Mol:Furanomycin.Mol|Furanomycin]]
 +
| [[Image:Furanomycin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 7
 +
| 3
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| propionate and two acetate
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 7
 
−
| 3
 
−
| [[Image:Furanomycin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Geldanamycin.Mol|Geldanamycin]]
 
| [[Mol:Geldanamycin.Mol|Geldanamycin]]
 +
| [[Image:Geldanamycin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,185: Line 899:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Geldanamycin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Griseofulvin.Mol|Griseofulvin]]
 
| [[Mol:Griseofulvin.Mol|Griseofulvin]]
 +
| [[Image:Griseofulvin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 14
 +
| 7
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium griseofulvin
 
| Penicillium griseofulvin
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
| acetate-derived metabolite,Phenolic oxidative coupling
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Griseophenone B.Mol|Griseophenone B]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Griseophenone B.Mol.png]]
 
| 14
 
| 14
 
| 7
 
| 7
−
| [[Image:Griseofulvin.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Griseophenone B.Mol|Griseophenone B]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium griseofulvin
 
| Penicillium griseofulvin
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
|  
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Griseophenone C.Mol|Griseophenone C]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Griseophenone C.Mol.png]]
 
| 14
 
| 14
 
| 7
 
| 7
−
| [[Image:Griseophenone B.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Griseophenone C.Mol|Griseophenone C]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium griseofulvin
 
| Penicillium griseofulvin
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 +
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Halichondrin B.Mol|Halichondrin B]]
 +
| [[Image:Halichondrin B.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
| 14
 
−
| 7
 
−
| [[Image:Griseophenone C.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Halichondrin B.Mol|Halichondrin B]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Halichondria okadai
 
| Halichondria okadai
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| polyethers, macrolides
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Halichondrin B.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Humulone.Mol|Humulone]]
 
| [[Mol:Humulone.Mol|Humulone]]
 +
| [[Image:Humulone.Mol.png]]
 +
| 13
 +
| 3
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Humulus lululus (hop; Cannabaceae)
 
| Humulus lululus (hop; Cannabaceae)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| typical bitter taste of beer, foam-stabilizing and antibacterial properties. Formed by oxidative transformation of deoxyhumulone. the starter unit for the polyketide is leucine-derived isovaleryl-CoA.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 13
 
−
| 3
 
−
| [[Image:Humulone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Hyperforin.Mol|Hyperforin]]
 
| [[Mol:Hyperforin.Mol|Hyperforin]]
 +
| [[Image:Hyperforin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 17
 +
| 3
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Hypericum perforatum
 
| Hypericum perforatum
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| Antidepressive agent in St John’s Wort Polyketide nature is almost entirely obscured by the added isoprenoid fragments
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 17
 
−
| 3
 
−
| [[Image:Hyperforin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Hypericin.Mol|Hypericin]]
 
| [[Mol:Hypericin.Mol|Hypericin]]
 +
| [[Image:Hypericin.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dermocybe spp
 
| Dermocybe spp
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| a constituent of St John’s Wort, Hypericum perforatum (Guttiferae/Hypericaceae).
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Hypericin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Islandicin.Mol|Islandicin]]
 
| [[Mol:Islandicin.Mol|Islandicin]]
 +
| [[Image:Islandicin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 15
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium islandicum
 
| Penicillium islandicum
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
| anthraquinone. Islandicin is another anthraquinone pigment produced by Penicillium islandicum, and differs from emodin in two ways: one hydroxyl is missing and a new hydroxyl has been in corporated adjacent to the methyl.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 15
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Islandicin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Isoepoxydon.Mol|Isoepoxydon]]
 
| [[Mol:Isoepoxydon.Mol|Isoepoxydon]]
 +
| [[Image:Isoepoxydon.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Penicillium patulum (=Penicillium urticae)
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| Penicillium patulum (=Penicillium urticae)
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Isoepoxydon.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Isousnic Acid.Mol|Isousnic Acid]]
 
| [[Mol:Isousnic Acid.Mol|Isousnic Acid]]
 +
| [[Image:Isousnic Acid.Mol.png]]
 +
| 14
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Usnea spp, Cladonia spp
 
| Usnea spp, Cladonia spp
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
| Incorporated  two molecules of methylphloracetophenone by an oxidative coupling mechanism Different from usnic acid. using the alternative hydroxyl nucleophile in heterocyclic ring formation
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 14
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:Isousnic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Ivermectin.Mol|Ivermectin]]
 
| [[Mol:Ivermectin.Mol|Ivermectin]]
 +
| [[Image:Ivermectin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Dewick2009
 
−
| macrolides
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Dewick2009
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Ivermectin.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Khellin.Mol|Khellin]]
 
| [[Mol:Khellin.Mol|Khellin]]
 +
| [[Image:Khellin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 11
 +
| 5
 
| Pentaketide chromone synthase
 
| Pentaketide chromone synthase
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Ammi visnaga
 
| Ammi visnaga
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| furochromones,aromatic pentaketide.The starter unitis derived by decarboxylation.PCS,Pentaketide chromone synthase, plant-speci?c type III PKS
 
−
|
 
−
| Escherichia coli
 
−
| 11
 
−
| 5
 
−
| [[Image:Khellin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Lasalocid.Mol|Lasalocid]]
 
| [[Mol:Lasalocid.Mol|Lasalocid]]
 +
| [[Image:Lasalocid.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces lasaliensis
 
| Streptomyces lasaliensis
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| polyether antibiotics
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Lasalocid.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Lecanoric Acid.Mol|Lecanoric Acid]]
 
| [[Mol:Lecanoric Acid.Mol|Lecanoric Acid]]
 +
| [[Image:Lecanoric Acid.Mol.png]]
 +
| 8
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Umbilicaria arctica, Umbilicaria nylanderiana
 
| Umbilicaria arctica, Umbilicaria nylanderiana
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
| A depside (an ester formed from two phenolic acids). Combination of two orsellinic acid thioester molecule
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 8
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:Lecanoric Acid.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Leucomycin A1.Mol|Leucomycin A1]]
 
| [[Mol:Leucomycin A1.Mol|Leucomycin A1]]
 +
| [[Image:Leucomycin A1.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Herbert1989
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Herbert1989
−
|
+
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Leucomycin A1.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Mol:LL-D253alpha.Mol|LL-D253alpha]]
+
| [[Mol:Ll-D253Alpha.Mol|LL-D253alpha]]
 +
| [[Image:Ll-D253Alpha.Mol.png]]
 +
| 11
 +
| 6
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Phoma pigmentivora
 
| Phoma pigmentivora
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| chromanone, from two polyketide chain
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 11
 
−
| 6
 
−
| [[Image:LL-D253alpha.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Lovastatin.Mol|Lovastatin]]
 
| [[Mol:Lovastatin.Mol|Lovastatin]]
 +
| [[Image:Lovastatin.Mol.png]]
 +
| yeast
 +
|
 
| LOVB=LNKS, LovF=LDKS
 
| LOVB=LNKS, LovF=LDKS
 
| loVF
 
| loVF
 
| Aspergillus terreus
 
| Aspergillus terreus
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Nonaketide.(mevinolin; monacolin K)
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| yeast
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Lovastatin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:M-Cresol.Mol|M-Cresol]]
 
| [[Mol:M-Cresol.Mol|M-Cresol]]
 +
| [[Image:M-Cresol.Mol.png]]
 +
| 7
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| methylphenol;3-Hydroxytoluene;3-cresol; derivative of 6-MSA
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Melanin.Mol|Melanin]]
 +
| [[Image:Melanin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| 7
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:M-Cresol.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Melanin.Mol|Melanin]]
 
 
| ALB1=PKSP,PKS1
 
| ALB1=PKSP,PKS1
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus, Nodulisporium sp
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus, Nodulisporium sp
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Heptaketide
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Melanin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Mellein.Mol|Mellein]]
 
| [[Mol:Mellein.Mol|Mellein]]
 +
| [[Image:Mellein.Mol.png]]
 +
| 10
 +
| 5
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus ochraceus
 
| Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus ochraceus
 
| Herbert1989 ;2003_Natural Products_ the Secondary Metabolites (Tutorial Chemistry Texts)
 
| Herbert1989 ;2003_Natural Products_ the Secondary Metabolites (Tutorial Chemistry Texts)
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 10
 
−
| 5
 
−
| [[Image:Mellein.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Methylphloracetophenone.Mol|Methylphloracetophenone]]
 
| [[Mol:Methylphloracetophenone.Mol|Methylphloracetophenone]]
 +
| [[Image:Methylphloracetophenone.Mol.png]]
 +
| 8
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Usnea spp, Cladonia spp
 
| Usnea spp, Cladonia spp
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
| Two molecules of methylphloracetophenone: usnic acid
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 8
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:Methylphloracetophenone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Mollisin.Mol|Mollisin]]
 
| [[Mol:Mollisin.Mol|Mollisin]]
 +
| [[Image:Mollisin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 11
 +
| 8(8,3+5)
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Mollisia caesia
 
| Mollisia caesia
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| naphthoquinone.Two potential routes for the biosynthesis of mollisin: one chain and two chains
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 11
 
−
| 8(8,3+5)
 
−
| [[Image:Mollisin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Monensin A.Mol|Monensin A]]
 
| [[Mol:Monensin A.Mol|Monensin A]]
 +
| [[Image:Monensin A.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces cinnamonensis
 
| Streptomyces cinnamonensis
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| C31H52O9(R1)(R2),Monensin A (R1= -CH(CH3)COOH, R2= -CH2CH3)  Monensin B (R1= -CH(CH3)COOH, R2= -CH3) Monensin C (R1= -(CH2)3COOH, R2= -CH2CH3)
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Monensin A.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Multicolic Acid.Mol|Multicolic Acid]]
 
| [[Mol:Multicolic Acid.Mol|Multicolic Acid]]
 +
| [[Image:Multicolic Acid.Mol.png]]
 +
| 10
 +
| 6
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium multicolor
 
| Penicillium multicolor
 
| Herbert1989 ;1998,Application of Isotopic Methods to Secondary Metabolic Pathways. Thomas J.Simpson. Topics in Current Chemistry,Vol.195
 
| Herbert1989 ;1998,Application of Isotopic Methods to Secondary Metabolic Pathways. Thomas J.Simpson. Topics in Current Chemistry,Vol.195
−
| fragmanted polyketide, The arrangement shown requires C-4,5 cleavae before loss of the carboxy-group.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 10
 
−
| 6
 
−
| [[Image:Multicolic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Mycolactone.Mol|Mycolactone]]
 
| [[Mol:Mycolactone.Mol|Mycolactone]]
 +
| [[Image:Mycolactone.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Mycobacterium ulcerans
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| Mycobacterium ulcerans
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Mycolactone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Mycophenolic Acid.Mol|Mycophenolic Acid]]
 
| [[Mol:Mycophenolic Acid.Mol|Mycophenolic Acid]]
 +
| [[Image:Mycophenolic Acid.Mol.png]]
 +
| 12
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium brevicompactum
 
| Penicillium brevicompactum
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
 
| Dewick2009;Herbert1989  
−
| Immunosuppressive agent. 5-methylorsellinic acid is precursor. Addition of  farnesyl alkyl. The chain length of the farnesyl alkyl group is subsequently shortened by oxidation of a double bond, giving demethylmycophenolic acid, which is then O-methylated, again involving SAM, to produce mycophenolic acid
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 12
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:Mycophenolic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Myxalamide.Mol|Myxalamide]]
 
| [[Mol:Myxalamide.Mol|Myxalamide]]
 +
| [[Image:Myxalamide.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
 
| MxaC-1
 
| MxaC-1
 
| Stigmatella aurantiaca
 
| Stigmatella aurantiaca
 
| 2007,Pulsawat et al.Characterization of biosynthetic gene cluster for the production of virginiamycin M, a streptogramin type A antibiotic, in Streptomyces virginiae.Gene.
 
| 2007,Pulsawat et al.Characterization of biosynthetic gene cluster for the production of virginiamycin M, a streptogramin type A antibiotic, in Streptomyces virginiae.Gene.
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Myxalamide.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Myxothiazol A.Mol|Myxothiazol A]]
 
| [[Mol:Myxothiazol A.Mol|Myxothiazol A]]
 +
| [[Image:Myxothiazol A.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Stigmatella aurantiaca
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| Stigmatella aurantiaca
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Myxothiazol A.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Myxothiazol Z.Mol|Myxothiazol Z]]
 
| [[Mol:Myxothiazol Z.Mol|Myxothiazol Z]]
 +
| [[Image:Myxothiazol Z.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Stigmatella aurantiaca
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| Stigmatella aurantiaca
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Myxothiazol Z.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Niddamycin.Mol|Niddamycin]]
 
| [[Mol:Niddamycin.Mol|Niddamycin]]
 +
| [[Image:Niddamycin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Streptomyces caelestis
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| Streptomyces caelestis
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Niddamycin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Norsolorinic Acid.Mol|Norsolorinic Acid]]
 
| [[Mol:Norsolorinic Acid.Mol|Norsolorinic Acid]]
 +
| [[Image:Norsolorinic Acid.Mol.png]]
 +
| 20
 +
| 10
 
| norsolorinic acid(NA) PKS
 
| norsolorinic acid(NA) PKS
 
| A?A/B(A.parasiticus); StcJ/K(A.nidulans)
 
| A?A/B(A.parasiticus); StcJ/K(A.nidulans)
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009
 
| SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009
−
| Anthraquinone. Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 20
 
−
| 10
 
−
| [[Image:Norsolorinic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Nystatin.Mol|Nystatin]]
 
| [[Mol:Nystatin.Mol|Nystatin]]
 +
| [[Image:Nystatin.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces noursei
 
| Streptomyces noursei
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| macrolide,(NYS; Mycostatin (TN))
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Ochratoxin A.Mol|Ochratoxin A]]
 +
| [[Image:Ochratoxin A.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Nystatin.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Ochratoxin A.Mol|Ochratoxin A]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| otapks of A. ochraceus; otapksPN gene from P. nordicum; ACpks from A. carbonarius
 
| otapks of A. ochraceus; otapksPN gene from P. nordicum; ACpks from A. carbonarius
 
| Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium viridicatum,Penicillium verrucosum, Penicillium nordicum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus carbonarius
 
| Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium viridicatum,Penicillium verrucosum, Penicillium nordicum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus carbonarius
 
| 1979,Huff and Hamilton, W.E. Huff and P.B. Hamilton, Mycotoxins?their biosynthesis in fungi: ochratoxins?metabolites of combined pathways, Journal of Food Protection 42 (1979), pp. 815?820.;2001Harris and Mantle, J.P. Harris and P.G. Mantle, Biosynthesis of ochratoxins by Aspergillus ochraceus, Phytochemistry 58 (2001), pp. 709?716;2009,Gallo et al.Characterisation of a pks gene which is expressed during ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus carbonarius.Int J Food Microbiol.
 
| 1979,Huff and Hamilton, W.E. Huff and P.B. Hamilton, Mycotoxins?their biosynthesis in fungi: ochratoxins?metabolites of combined pathways, Journal of Food Protection 42 (1979), pp. 815?820.;2001Harris and Mantle, J.P. Harris and P.G. Mantle, Biosynthesis of ochratoxins by Aspergillus ochraceus, Phytochemistry 58 (2001), pp. 709?716;2009,Gallo et al.Characterisation of a pks gene which is expressed during ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus carbonarius.Int J Food Microbiol.
−
| OTA is a potent nephrotoxin and a possible human carcinogen with a polyketide derived structure.Structurally OTA consists of a polyketide which is believed to be derived from a dihydroiso-coumarin group that is amide-linked to the amino acid L-phenylalanine.Its biosynthesis pathway has yet not been completely elucidated, although a number of putative pathways have been proposed (Harris and Mantle, 2001; Huff and Hamilton, 1979).
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Ochratoxin A.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Ochrephilone.Mol|Ochrephilone]]
 
| [[Mol:Ochrephilone.Mol|Ochrephilone]]
 +
| [[Image:Ochrephilone.Mol.png]]
 +
| 17
 +
| 10(8+2)
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium multicolor
 
| Penicillium multicolor
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| from two chains. formed by  the condensation of two acetate-derived chains and the introduction  of  a  C,  unit (presumably from methionine) at C(4).  
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Okadaic Acid.Mol|Okadaic Acid]]
 +
| [[Image:Okadaic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| 17
 
−
| 10(8+2)
 
−
| [[Image:Ochrephilone.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Okadaic Acid.Mol|Okadaic Acid]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Dinophysis sp, Prorocentrum lima
 
| Dinophysis sp, Prorocentrum lima
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| polyether,PP1, PP2A inhibitor
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Oleandomycin.Mol|Oleandomycin]]
 +
| [[Image:Oleandomycin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Okadaic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Oleandomycin.Mol|Oleandomycin]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces antibioticus
 
| Streptomyces antibioticus
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| Amimycin; Landomycin; Matromycin; Romicil
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Oleandomycin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Olivetolic Acid.Mol|Olivetolic Acid]]
 
| [[Mol:Olivetolic Acid.Mol|Olivetolic Acid]]
 +
| [[Image:Olivetolic Acid.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| A saturated C6 hexanoate starter unit
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:Olivetolic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:O-Methylasparvenone.Mol|O-Methylasparvenone]]
 
| [[Mol:O-Methylasparvenone.Mol|O-Methylasparvenone]]
 +
| [[Image:O-Methylasparvenone.Mol.png]]
 +
| 12
 +
| 6
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus parvulus
 
| Aspergillus parvulus
 
| Herbert1989 ; 1982, Application of?2H?-isotopic shifts in?13C n.m.r. spectra to biosynthetic studies. Incorporation of [1-13C,?2H3]acetate into?O-methylasparvenone in?Aspergillus parvulus. J. Chem. SOC.,  Chem. Commun.,1074.  
 
| Herbert1989 ; 1982, Application of?2H?-isotopic shifts in?13C n.m.r. spectra to biosynthetic studies. Incorporation of [1-13C,?2H3]acetate into?O-methylasparvenone in?Aspergillus parvulus. J. Chem. SOC.,  Chem. Commun.,1074.  
−
| formed by the way of naphthalene
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 12
 
−
| 6
 
−
| [[Image:O-Methylasparvenone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Orcinol.Mol|Orcinol]]
 
| [[Mol:Orcinol.Mol|Orcinol]]
 +
| [[Image:Orcinol.Mol.png]]
 +
| 7
 +
| 2
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| Collie’s realisation that the triketone might be anintermediate in orcinol biosynthesis was inspirational. synthesized chemically from dehydroacetic acid, likely via a polyketone intermediate,suggested that polyphenols could be biosynthesized from a C2 precursor
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 7
 
−
| 2
 
−
| [[Image:Orcinol.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Orsellinic Acid.Mol|Orsellinic Acid]]
 
| [[Mol:Orsellinic Acid.Mol|Orsellinic Acid]]
 +
| [[Image:Orsellinic Acid.Mol.png]]
 +
| 8
 +
| 4
 
| Orsellinic acid synthase (OSAS)
 
| Orsellinic acid synthase (OSAS)
 
| aviM
 
| aviM
 
| Streptomyces viridochromogenes, Penicillium madriti
 
| Streptomyces viridochromogenes, Penicillium madriti
 
| Dewick2009;G.-L. Tang and W. Liu, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2006,345, 133?139.
 
| Dewick2009;G.-L. Tang and W. Liu, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2006,345, 133?139.
−
| lack1OH group, because formation of conjugated system enolization
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 8
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:Orsellinic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Oxytetracycline.Mol|Oxytetracycline]]
 
| [[Mol:Oxytetracycline.Mol|Oxytetracycline]]
 +
| [[Image:Oxytetracycline.Mol.png]]
 +
| 19
 +
| 10
 
| oxy PKS (otc)
 
| oxy PKS (otc)
 
| OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI,OxyF,OxyL,OxyG,OxyQ,OxyR,OxyT,OxyS,OxyE,TchA
 
| OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI,OxyF,OxyL,OxyG,OxyQ,OxyR,OxyT,OxyS,OxyE,TchA
 
| Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces aureofaciens
 
| Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces aureofaciens
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| starter group is malonamyl-Co. a precursor of tetracycline. Tetracyclic backbone
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 19
 
−
| 10
 
−
| [[Image:Oxytetracycline.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Palitantin.Mol|Palitantin]]
 
| [[Mol:Palitantin.Mol|Palitantin]]
 +
| [[Image:Palitantin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 14
 +
| 7
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium palitans
 
| Penicillium palitans
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| nonaromatic six membered ring. C-12 was unexpectedly not labelled by 18O, but this is the consequence of ready exchange at this position
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 14
 
−
| 7
 
−
| [[Image:Palitantin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Patulin.Mol|Patulin]]
 
| [[Mol:Patulin.Mol|Patulin]]
 +
| [[Image:Patulin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 6
 +
| 4
 
| MSAS;ATX(=MSAS)
 
| MSAS;ATX(=MSAS)
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus clavatus,Aspergillus terreus,Penicillium patulum (=Penicillium urticae)
 
| Aspergillus clavatus,Aspergillus terreus,Penicillium patulum (=Penicillium urticae)
 
| Dewick2009;1971,Aberhart and Caspi.The fate of the 6 alpha-hydrogen of 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol in the conversion to 7-dehydrocholesterol by rat liver microsomes.J Biol Chem.
 
| Dewick2009;1971,Aberhart and Caspi.The fate of the 6 alpha-hydrogen of 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol in the conversion to 7-dehydrocholesterol by rat liver microsomes.J Biol Chem.
−
| derived from acetate via 6-methylsalicylic acid
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Penicillic Acid.Mol|Penicillic Acid]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Penicillic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
| 6
 
| 6
 
| 4
 
| 4
−
| [[Image:Patulin.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Penicillic Acid.Mol|Penicillic Acid]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium cyclopium, Penicillium baarnense
 
| Penicillium cyclopium, Penicillium baarnense
 
| Herbert1989; Dewick2009
 
| Herbert1989; Dewick2009
−
| This time orsellinic acid is aprecursor, and ring fission appears to proceed viaa quinone, which is the result of decarboxylation,oxidation, and methylation reactions
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 6
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:Penicillic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Phloracetophenone.Mol|Phloracetophenone]]
 
| [[Mol:Phloracetophenone.Mol|Phloracetophenone]]
 +
| [[Image:Phloracetophenone.Mol.png]]
 +
| 8
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus clavatus
 
| Aspergillus clavatus
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 8
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:Phloracetophenone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Phlorisobutyrophenone.Mol|Phlorisobutyrophenone]]
 
| [[Mol:Phlorisobutyrophenone.Mol|Phlorisobutyrophenone]]
 +
| [[Image:Phlorisobutyrophenone.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 3
 
| Isobutyrophenonesynthase(BUS)
 
| Isobutyrophenonesynthase(BUS)
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Hypericum calycinum
 
| Hypericum calycinum
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| analogue of phloroacetophenone. But using isobutyryl-CoA as starter instead of acetyl-CoA. Extended by three malonyl-CoA. type III PKS. using isovalery-CoA as starter instead of acetyl-CoA. Extended by three malonyl-CoA.type III PKS. Precursor of humulone
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Phlorisovalerophenone.Mol|Phlorisovalerophenone]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Phlorisovalerophenone.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 3
 
| 3
−
| [[Image:Phlorisobutyrophenone.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Phlorisovalerophenone.Mol|Phlorisovalerophenone]]
 
 
| phlorisovalerophenone synthase(VPS)
 
| phlorisovalerophenone synthase(VPS)
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Humulus lululus (hop; Cannabaceae)
 
| Humulus lululus (hop; Cannabaceae)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|  using isovalery-CoA as starter instead of acetyl-CoA. Extended by three malonyl-CoA.type III PKS. Precursor of humulone
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 3
 
−
| [[Image:Phlorisovalerophenone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Physcion.Mol|Physcion]]
 
| [[Mol:Physcion.Mol|Physcion]]
 +
| [[Image:Physcion.Mol.png]]
 +
| 15
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
 +
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Picromycin.Mol|Picromycin]]
 +
| [[Image:Picromycin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
| 15
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Physcion.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Picromycin.Mol|Picromycin]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces venezuelae
 
| Streptomyces venezuelae
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Picromycin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Pimaricin.Mol|Pimaricin]]
 
| [[Mol:Pimaricin.Mol|Pimaricin]]
 +
| [[Image:Pimaricin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,785: Line 1,349:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Pimaricin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Platenomycin.Mol|Platenomycin]]
 
| [[Mol:Platenomycin.Mol|Platenomycin]]
 +
| [[Image:Platenomycin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Herbert1989
 
−
| The platenomycins are closely related to leucomycin
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Herbert1989
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Platenomycin.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Pretetramide.Mol|Pretetramide]]
 
| [[Mol:Pretetramide.Mol|Pretetramide]]
 +
| [[Image:Pretetramide.Mol.png]]
 +
| 19
 +
| 9
 
| oxy PKS (otc)
 
| oxy PKS (otc)
 
| OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI
 
| OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI
 
| Streptomyces rimosus,Streptomyces aureofaciens
 
| Streptomyces rimosus,Streptomyces aureofaciens
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| Malonamyl-CoA is the starter unit.Tetracyclic backbone with all carbon atoms from malonated derived precursor of tetracycline
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 19
 
−
| 9
 
−
| [[Image:Pretetramide.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Protohypericin.Mol|Protohypericin]]
 
| [[Mol:Protohypericin.Mol|Protohypericin]]
 +
| [[Image:Protohypericin.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces natalensis
 
| Streptomyces natalensis
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Protohypericin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Pyochelin.Mol|Pyochelin]]
 
| [[Mol:Pyochelin.Mol|Pyochelin]]
 +
| [[Image:Pyochelin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Pyochelin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Pyoluteorin.Mol|Pyoluteorin]]
 
| [[Mol:Pyoluteorin.Mol|Pyoluteorin]]
 +
| [[Image:Pyoluteorin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,845: Line 1,394:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Pyoluteorin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Radicin.Mol|Radicin]]
 
| [[Mol:Radicin.Mol|Radicin]]
 +
| [[Image:Radicin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 11
 +
| 6
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| formed from two polyketide chains; alternatively they may be formed by a pathway involving ring-cleavage.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 11
 
−
| 6
 
−
| [[Image:Radicin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Rapamycin.Mol|Rapamycin]]
 
| [[Mol:Rapamycin.Mol|Rapamycin]]
 +
| [[Image:Rapamycin.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces hygroscopicus
 
| Streptomyces hygroscopicus
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Rapamycin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Ravenilin.Mol|Ravenilin]]
 
| [[Mol:Ravenilin.Mol|Ravenilin]]
 +
| [[Image:Ravenilin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 12
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Helminthosporium ravenelii, Helminthosporium turcicum
 
| Helminthosporium ravenelii, Helminthosporium turcicum
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| xanthone,Islandicin  is plausibly an intermediate in ravenilin  biosynthesis
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 12
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Ravenilin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Rhein.Mol|Rhein]]
 
| [[Mol:Rhein.Mol|Rhein]]
 +
| [[Image:Rhein.Mol.png]]
 +
| 15
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cassia angustifolia
 
| Cassia angustifolia
 
| 2002,Dewick.Medicinal natural products : a biosynthetic approach.Wiley;Dewick2009;
 
| 2002,Dewick.Medicinal natural products : a biosynthetic approach.Wiley;Dewick2009;
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 15
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Rhein.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Rifabutin.Mol|Rifabutin]]
 
| [[Mol:Rifabutin.Mol|Rifabutin]]
 +
| [[Image:Rifabutin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Dewick2009
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| Dewick2009
 +
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Rifamycin B.Mol|Rifamycin B]]
 +
| [[Image:Rifamycin B.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Rifabutin.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Rifamycin B.Mol|Rifamycin B]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Amycolatopsis mediterranei
 
| Amycolatopsis mediterranei
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Rifamycin B.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Rifapentine.Mol|Rifapentine]]
 
| [[Mol:Rifapentine.Mol|Rifapentine]]
 +
| [[Image:Rifapentine.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Dewick2009
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Dewick2009
−
|
+
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Rifapentine.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Rosellisin.Mol|Rosellisin]]
 
| [[Mol:Rosellisin.Mol|Rosellisin]]
 +
| [[Image:Rosellisin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 8
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| fungal alpha-pyrones. Two carbons are derived from methionine
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 8
 
−
| 4
 
−
| [[Image:Rosellisin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Rubrofusarin.Mol|Rubrofusarin]]
 
| [[Mol:Rubrofusarin.Mol|Rubrofusarin]]
 +
| [[Image:Rubrofusarin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 1,953: Line 1,475:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Rubrofusarin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Rubropunctatin.Mol|Rubropunctatin]]
 
| [[Mol:Rubropunctatin.Mol|Rubropunctatin]]
 +
| [[Image:Rubropunctatin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 17
 +
| 6
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Monascus pilosus
 
| Monascus pilosus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| Rubropunctatin can be split into two fragments on the basis of labelling results. The left-hand part derives in the usual way. The left-habd part -though seems to derive through the beta-keto acid formed by condensation of hexanoic acid with an acetate unit.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 17
 
−
| 6
 
−
| [[Image:Rubropunctatin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Sclerin.Mol|Sclerin]]
 
| [[Mol:Sclerin.Mol|Sclerin]]
 +
| [[Image:Sclerin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 9
 +
| 5
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Sclerotinia spp
 
| Sclerotinia spp
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| unusual, from two polyketide chains
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 9
 
−
| 5
 
−
| [[Image:Sclerin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Sclerotinin A.Mol|Sclerotinin A]]
 
| [[Mol:Sclerotinin A.Mol|Sclerotinin A]]
 +
| [[Image:Sclerotinin A.Mol.png]]
 +
| 10
 +
| 5
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Sclerotinia spp
 
| Sclerotinia spp
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|  from one polyketide chains
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 10
 
−
| 5
 
−
| [[Image:Sclerotinin A.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Mol:SEK4.Mol|SEK4]]
+
| [[Mol:Sek4.Mol|SEK4]]
 +
| [[Image:Sek4.Mol.png]]
 +
| 16
 +
| 8
 
| octaketide synthase OKS
 
| octaketide synthase OKS
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Escherichia coli
 
| Escherichia coli
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| A type III octaketide synthase gene from the anthraquinone-producing plant Aloe arborescens, when expressed in Escherichia coli, did not synthesize anthraquinones, but instead the two products SEK4 and SEK4b, not normally found in Aloe
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Sek4B.Mol|SEK4b]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Sek4B.Mol.png]]
 
| 16
 
| 16
 
| 8
 
| 8
−
| [[Image:SEK4.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:SEK4b.Mol|SEK4b]]
 
 
| octaketide synthase OKS
 
| octaketide synthase OKS
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Escherichia coli
 
| Escherichia coli
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| A type III octaketide synthase gene from the anthraquinone-producing plant Aloe arborescens, when expressed in Escherichia coli, did not synthesize anthraquinones, but instead the two products SEK4 and SEK4b, not normally found in Aloe
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 16
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:SEK4b.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Selamectin.Mol|Selamectin]]
 
| [[Mol:Selamectin.Mol|Selamectin]]
 +
| [[Image:Selamectin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Dewick2009
 
−
| macrolides
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Dewick2009
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Selamectin.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Sennidin A.Mol|Sennidin A]]
 
| [[Mol:Sennidin A.Mol|Sennidin A]]
 +
| [[Image:Sennidin A.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| dianthrone O-glycosides
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Sennidin B.Mol|Sennidin B]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Sennidin B.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 8
 
| 8
−
| [[Image:Sennidin A.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Sennidin B.Mol|Sennidin B]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| dianthrone O-glycosides
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Sennidin B.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Sennidin C.Mol|Sennidin C]]
 
| [[Mol:Sennidin C.Mol|Sennidin C]]
 +
| [[Image:Sennidin C.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| dianthrone O-glycosides
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Sennidin C.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Sennidin D.Mol|Sennidin D]]
 
| [[Mol:Sennidin D.Mol|Sennidin D]]
 +
| [[Image:Sennidin D.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| dianthrone O-glycosides
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Sennidin D.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Sennosides A.Mol|Sennosides A]]
 
| [[Mol:Sennosides A.Mol|Sennosides A]]
 +
| [[Image:Sennosides A.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| dianthrone O-glycosides
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Sennosides A.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Sennosides B.Mol|Sennosides B]]
 
| [[Mol:Sennosides B.Mol|Sennosides B]]
 +
| [[Image:Sennosides B.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| dianthrone O-glycosides
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Sennosides B.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Sennosides C.Mol|Sennosides C]]
 
| [[Mol:Sennosides C.Mol|Sennosides C]]
 +
| [[Image:Sennosides C.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| dianthrone O-glycosides
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Sennosides C.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Sennosides D.Mol|Sennosides D]]
 
| [[Mol:Sennosides D.Mol|Sennosides D]]
 +
| [[Image:Sennosides D.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| dianthrone O-glycosides
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Sennosides D.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Sepedonin.Mol|Sepedonin]]
 
| [[Mol:Sepedonin.Mol|Sepedonin]]
 +
| [[Image:Sepedonin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| 5
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| fungal tropolone
 
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 5
 
−
| [[Image:Sepedonin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Siccanin.Mol|Siccanin]]
 
| [[Mol:Siccanin.Mol|Siccanin]]
 +
| [[Image:Siccanin.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Helminthosporium siccans
 
| Helminthosporium siccans
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
|  Antifungal drug,The fungal metabolite siccanin (21) contains a sesquiterpenoid fragment and a fragment derived from orsellinic acid.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Siccanin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Silvaticamide.Mol|Silvaticamide]]
 
| [[Mol:Silvaticamide.Mol|Silvaticamide]]
 +
| [[Image:Silvaticamide.Mol.png]]
 +
| 17
 +
| 8(12)
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus silvaticus  
 
| Aspergillus silvaticus  
 
| Herbert1989 ;1985 CPB_Biosynthesis of Silvaticamide, a Toxin from Aspergillus silvaticus
 
| Herbert1989 ;1985 CPB_Biosynthesis of Silvaticamide, a Toxin from Aspergillus silvaticus
−
| derived by fragmentation of an anthraquinone, have similar prenylated skeleton with tajixanthone
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 17
 
−
| 8(12)
 
−
| [[Image:Silvaticamide.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Mol:SMA76a.Mol|SMA76a]]
+
| [[Mol:Sma76A.Mol|SMA76a]]
 +
| [[Image:Sma76A.Mol.png]]
 +
| 18
 +
| 9
 
|  
 
|  
 
| pks4 from Gibberlla fujikuroi  
 
| pks4 from Gibberlla fujikuroi  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| nonaketide, from singal chain.The PKS4 from Gibberella fujikuroi expressed in E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3)) showed in vitro activity to form SMA76a 58 from malonyl-CoA, which has the same nonaketide carbon skeleton with bikaverin. If selected octanoyl-CoA over malonyl-CoA as the starter unit and synthesized SMA76b and SMA76C, isocoumarins with acyl and alkyl side-chains, respectively.
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Sma76B.Mol|SMA76b]]
 +
| [[Image:Sma76B.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
−
| E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3))
 
−
| 18
 
 
| 9
 
| 9
−
| [[Image:SMA76a.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:SMA76b.Mol|SMA76b]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| pks4 from Gibberlla fujikuroi  
 
| pks4 from Gibberlla fujikuroi  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| nonaketide, from singal chain.The PKS4 from Gibberella fujikuroi expressed in E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3)) showed in vitro activity to form SMA76a 58 from malonyl-CoA, which has the same nonaketide carbon skeleton with bikaverin. If selected octanoyl-CoA over malonyl-CoA as the starter unit and synthesized SMA76b and SMA76C, isocoumarins with acyl and alkyl side-chains, respectively.
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Sma76C.Mol|SMA76c]]
−
| E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3))
+
| [[Image:Sma76C.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
| 9
 
| 9
−
| [[Image:SMA76b.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:SMA76c.Mol|SMA76c]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| pks4 from Gibberlla fujikuroi  
 
| pks4 from Gibberlla fujikuroi  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| nonaketide, from singal chain.The PKS4 from Gibberella fujikuroi expressed in E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3)) showed in vitro activity to form SMA76a 58 from malonyl-CoA, which has the same nonaketide carbon skeleton with bikaverin. If selected octanoyl-CoA over malonyl-CoA as the starter unit and synthesized SMA76b and SMA76C, isocoumarins with acyl and alkyl side-chains, respectively.
 
−
|
 
−
| E.coli (pET24/BL21(DE3))
 
−
|
 
−
| 9
 
−
| [[Image:SMA76c.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Soraphen A.Mol|Soraphen A]]
 
| [[Mol:Soraphen A.Mol|Soraphen A]]
 +
| [[Image:Soraphen A.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Sorangium cellulosum
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| Sorangium cellulosum
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Soraphen A.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Spinulosin.Mol|Spinulosin]]
 
| [[Mol:Spinulosin.Mol|Spinulosin]]
 +
| [[Image:Spinulosin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Spinulosin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Spiramycin I.Mol|Spiramycin I]]
 
| [[Mol:Spiramycin I.Mol|Spiramycin I]]
 +
| [[Image:Spiramycin I.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
Line 2,229: Line 1,682:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Spiramycin I.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Sterigmatocystin.Mol|Sterigmatocystin]]
 
| [[Mol:Sterigmatocystin.Mol|Sterigmatocystin]]
 +
| [[Image:Sterigmatocystin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 15
 +
| 10
 
| NSAS,PKS-st(STCA)
 
| NSAS,PKS-st(STCA)
 
| Aspergillus nidulans(pksST)(stcA)(Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB,AflN,AflM,OmtB)
 
| Aspergillus nidulans(pksST)(stcA)(Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB,AflN,AflM,OmtB)
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009;2009,Hertweck.The biosynthetic logic of polyketide diversity.Angew Chem Int Ed Engl.
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009;2009,Hertweck.The biosynthetic logic of polyketide diversity.Angew Chem Int Ed Engl.
−
| Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 15
 
−
| 10
 
−
| [[Image:Sterigmatocystin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Stigmatellin A.Mol|Stigmatellin A]]
 
| [[Mol:Stigmatellin A.Mol|Stigmatellin A]]
 +
| [[Image:Stigmatellin A.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Stigmatella aurantiaca
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| Stigmatella aurantiaca
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Stigmatellin A.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Stipitatonic Acid.Mol|Stipitatonic Acid]]
 
| [[Mol:Stipitatonic Acid.Mol|Stipitatonic Acid]]
 +
| [[Image:Stipitatonic Acid.Mol.png]]
 +
| 9
 +
| 4
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Penicillium stipitatum  
 
| Penicillium stipitatum  
−
| Herbert1989 ;1963,Bentley.Biosynthesis of tropolones in Penicillium stipitatum.” J Biol Chem.
+
| Herbert1989 ;1963,Bentley.Biosynthesis of tropolones in Penicillium stipitatum.h J Biol Chem.
−
| 3-methylorsellinic acid is a intermediate, tropolone containing metabolite
+
−
|
+
−
|
+
−
| 9
+
−
| 4
+
−
| [[Image:Stipitatonic Acid.Mol.png]]
+
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Sulochrin.Mol|Sulochrin]]
 
| [[Mol:Sulochrin.Mol|Sulochrin]]
 +
| [[Image:Sulochrin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 13
 +
| 8
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| via the anthraquinone. fungal p-methylbenzophenone derivatives
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 13
 
−
| 8
 
−
| [[Image:Sulochrin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Tacrolimus.Mol|Tacrolimus]]
 
| [[Mol:Tacrolimus.Mol|Tacrolimus]]
 +
| [[Image:Tacrolimus.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces sp
 
| Streptomyces sp
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Tacrolimus.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Tajixanthone.Mol|Tajixanthone]]
 
| [[Mol:Tajixanthone.Mol|Tajixanthone]]
 +
| [[Image:Tajixanthone.Mol.png]]
 +
| 20
 +
| 8(12)
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus variecolor
 
| Aspergillus variecolor
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| derived by fragmentation of an anthraquinone, have similar prenylated skeleton with silvaticamide
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 20
 
−
| 8(12)
 
−
| [[Image:Tajixanthone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Tennellin.Mol|Tennellin]]
 
| [[Mol:Tennellin.Mol|Tennellin]]
 +
| [[Image:Tennellin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| fungal PKS-NRPS
 
 
|  
 
|  
−
| a-amylase promoter/A. oryzae
 
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Tennellin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Terrein.Mol|Terrein]]
 
| [[Mol:Terrein.Mol|Terrein]]
 +
| [[Image:Terrein.Mol.png]]
 +
| 8
 +
| 5
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| via a dihydro-isocoumarins; biosynthesis pathway is incompleted
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Terrequinone A.Mol|Terrequinone A]]
 +
| [[Image:Terrequinone A.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| 8
 
−
| 5
 
−
| [[Image:Terrein.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Terrequinone A.Mol|Terrequinone A]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Aspergillus nidulans
 
| Aspergillus nidulans
 
| 2007,Corre and Challis.Heavy tools for genome mining.Chem Biol.;[8]2007,Bouhired et al.Accurate prediction of the Aspergillus nidulans terrequinone gene cluster boundaries using the transcriptional regulator LaeA.Fungal Genet Biol.
 
| 2007,Corre and Challis.Heavy tools for genome mining.Chem Biol.;[8]2007,Bouhired et al.Accurate prediction of the Aspergillus nidulans terrequinone gene cluster boundaries using the transcriptional regulator LaeA.Fungal Genet Biol.
−
| cryptic NRPS system
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Tetracenomycin F2.Mol|Tetracenomycin F2]]
 +
| [[Image:Tetracenomycin F2.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
−
| TdiA-E in E. coli
 
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Terrequinone A.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Tetracenomycin F2.Mol|Tetracenomycin F2]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| tcm
 
| tcm
 
| Streptomyces glaucescens
 
| Streptomyces glaucescens
 
| 2008,Ames et al.Crystal structure and functional analysis of tetracenomycin ARO/CYC: implications for cyclization specificity of aromatic polyketides.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
 
| 2008,Ames et al.Crystal structure and functional analysis of tetracenomycin ARO/CYC: implications for cyclization specificity of aromatic polyketides.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
−
| type II polyketide products
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Tetracenomycin F2.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Tetracycline.Mol|Tetracycline]]
 
| [[Mol:Tetracycline.Mol|Tetracycline]]
 +
| [[Image:Tetracycline.Mol.png]]
 +
| 19
 +
| 9
 
| oxy PKS (otc)
 
| oxy PKS (otc)
 
| OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI,OxyF,OxyL,OxyG,OxyQ,OxyR,OxyT,OxyS,OxyE,TchA
 
| OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI,OxyF,OxyL,OxyG,OxyQ,OxyR,OxyT,OxyS,OxyE,TchA
 
| Streptomyces rimosus,Streptomyces aureofaciens
 
| Streptomyces rimosus,Streptomyces aureofaciens
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| starter group is malonamyl-Co. a precursor of tetracycline. Tetracyclic backbone
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 19
 
−
| 9
 
−
| [[Image:Tetracycline.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Tetrahydro Cannabinol.Mol|Tetrahydro Cannabinol]]
 
| [[Mol:Tetrahydro Cannabinol.Mol|Tetrahydro Cannabinol]]
 +
| [[Image:Tetrahydro Cannabinol.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae)
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| Dronabinol; delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; Tetrahydrocannabinol.A saturated C6 hexanoate starter unit The aromatic ring/C5 chain originates from hexanoate and malonate, then cyclization.Precursor isolivetolic acid
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Tetrahydro Cannabinol.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Tetrahydroxynaphthalene.Mol|Tetrahydroxynaphthalene]]
 
| [[Mol:Tetrahydroxynaphthalene.Mol|Tetrahydroxynaphthalene]]
 +
| [[Image:Tetrahydroxynaphthalene.Mol.png]]
 +
| 10
 +
| 5
 
| tetrahydroxynaphthalene synthase (THNS);RppA
 
| tetrahydroxynaphthalene synthase (THNS);RppA
 
| pks1, from Colletotrichum lagenarium
 
| pks1, from Colletotrichum lagenarium
 
| Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces coelicolor, Colletotrichum lagenarium
 
| Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces coelicolor, Colletotrichum lagenarium
 
| 2001,Pfeifer and Khosla.Biosynthesis of polyketides in heterologous hosts.Microbiol Mol Biol Rev.;2007,American Chemical Society. Meeting (229th : 2005 : San Diego Calif.) et al.Polyketides : biosynthesis, biological activity, and genetic engineering.American Chemical Society : Distributed by Oxford University Press
 
| 2001,Pfeifer and Khosla.Biosynthesis of polyketides in heterologous hosts.Microbiol Mol Biol Rev.;2007,American Chemical Society. Meeting (229th : 2005 : San Diego Calif.) et al.Polyketides : biosynthesis, biological activity, and genetic engineering.American Chemical Society : Distributed by Oxford University Press
−
| intermediate of napyradiomycin A
 
−
|
 
−
| Aspergillus oryzae
 
−
| 10
 
−
| 5
 
−
| [[Image:Tetrahydroxynaphthalene.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Triacetic Acid Lactone.Mol|Triacetic Acid Lactone]]
 
| [[Mol:Triacetic Acid Lactone.Mol|Triacetic Acid Lactone]]
 +
| [[Image:Triacetic Acid Lactone.Mol.png]]
 +
| 6
 +
| 3
 
| 2-pyrone synthase
 
| 2-pyrone synthase
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Gerbera hybrida
 
| Gerbera hybrida
 
| 2005BB_Microbial Synthesis of Triacetic Acid Lactone
 
| 2005BB_Microbial Synthesis of Triacetic Acid Lactone
−
| Ether ring formation by cyclization of the 3,5-diketohexanoate thioester ;not only one pks can produce TAL
 
−
|
 
−
| Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
 
−
| 6
 
−
| 3
 
−
| [[Image:Triacetic Acid Lactone.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Trypacidin.Mol|Trypacidin]]
 
| [[Mol:Trypacidin.Mol|Trypacidin]]
 +
| [[Image:Trypacidin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| Aspergillus fumigatus
 
|  
 
|  
 +
|-
 +
| [[Mol:T-Toxin.Mol|T-Toxin]]
 +
| [[Image:T-Toxin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Trypacidin.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:T-Toxin.Mol|T-Toxin]]
 
 
| PKS1
 
| PKS1
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Cochliobolus heterostrophus
 
| Cochliobolus heterostrophus
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:T-Toxin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Tylactone.Mol|Tylactone]]
 
| [[Mol:Tylactone.Mol|Tylactone]]
 +
| [[Image:Tylactone.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Streptomyces fradiae
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| Streptomyces fradiae
 
|  
 
|  
 +
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Tylosin.Mol|Tylosin]]
 +
| [[Image:Tylosin.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Tylactone.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Tylosin.Mol|Tylosin]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Streptomyces fradiae
 
| Streptomyces fradiae
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
 +
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Urushiol III.Mol|Urushiol III]]
 +
| [[Image:Urushiol III.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Tylosin.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Urushiol III.Mol|Urushiol III]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Toxicodendron radicans,Toxicodendron toxicaria
 
| Toxicodendron radicans,Toxicodendron toxicaria
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| 3-(8,11-Pentadecadienyl)-1,2-benzenediol. palmitoleoyl-CoA ( 9-hexadecenoyl-CoA) can act as starter group for extension by three malonyl-CoA units
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Urushiol III.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Usnic Acid.Mol|Usnic Acid]]
 
| [[Mol:Usnic Acid.Mol|Usnic Acid]]
 +
| [[Image:Usnic Acid.Mol.png]]
 +
| 14(8,8)
 +
| 8(4,4)
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Usnea spp, Cladonia spp, Flavocetraria cucculata, Flavocetraria nivalis
 
| Usnea spp, Cladonia spp, Flavocetraria cucculata, Flavocetraria nivalis
 
| Dewick2009;
 
| Dewick2009;
−
| antibacterial metabolite.formed by two methylphloracetophenone. Incorporated  two molecules of methylphloracetophenone by an oxidative coupling mechanism. c-methylation  by SAM
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 14(8,8)
 
−
| 8(4,4)
 
−
| [[Image:Usnic Acid.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Variotin.Mol|Variotin]]
 
| [[Mol:Variotin.Mol|Variotin]]
 +
| [[Image:Variotin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 12
 +
| 6
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Herbert1989  
 
| Herbert1989  
−
| from acetate(malonate) and methionine with the pyrrolidone ring having its origins in glutamic acid
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 12
 
−
| 6
 
−
| [[Image:Variotin.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Versicolorin A.Mol|Versicolorin A]]
 
| [[Mol:Versicolorin A.Mol|Versicolorin A]]
 +
| [[Image:Versicolorin A.Mol.png]]
 +
| 17
 +
| 10
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB
 
| Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
−
| Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Versicolorin B.Mol|Versicolorin B]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Versicolorin B.Mol.png]]
 
| 17
 
| 17
 
| 10
 
| 10
−
| [[Image:Versicolorin A.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Versicolorin B.Mol|Versicolorin B]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS
 
| Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
−
| Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Versiconal.Mol|Versiconal]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Versiconal.Mol.png]]
 
| 17
 
| 17
 
| 10
 
| 10
−
| [[Image:Versicolorin B.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Versiconal.Mol|Versiconal]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA,AdhA,AvfA,EstA
 
| Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA,AdhA,AvfA,EstA
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
−
| Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
+
|-
−
|  
+
| [[Mol:Versiconal Acetate.Mol|Versiconal Acetate]]
−
|  
+
| [[Image:Versiconal Acetate.Mol.png]]
 
| 17
 
| 17
 
| 10
 
| 10
−
| [[Image:Versiconal.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:Versiconal Acetate.Mol|Versiconal Acetate]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA,AdhA,AvfA
 
| Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA,AdhA,AvfA
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
 
| Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
−
| Norsolorinic acid and averufin are its precursors Hexanoate is the starter unit. Intermediate of Aflatoxin B and sterigmatocystin.
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| 17
 
−
| 10
 
−
| [[Image:Versiconal Acetate.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Visnagin.Mol|Visnagin]]
 
| [[Mol:Visnagin.Mol|Visnagin]]
 +
| [[Image:Visnagin.Mol.png]]
 +
| 11
 +
| 5
 
| Pentaketide chromone synthase
 
| Pentaketide chromone synthase
 
|  
 
|  
 
| Ammi visnaga
 
| Ammi visnaga
 
| Dewick2009
 
| Dewick2009
−
| furochromones,aromatic pentaketide.The starter unitis derived by decarboxylation.precursor of the well known antiasthmatic furochromones, kehellin.PCS,Pentaketide chromone synthase ,plant-speci?c type III PKS
+
|-
 +
| [[Mol:Wa-Naphthopyron.Mol|WA-Naphthopyron]]
 +
| [[Image:Wa-Naphthopyron.Mol.png]]
 +
|
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Escherichia coli
 
−
| 11
 
−
| 5
 
−
| [[Image:Visnagin.Mol.png]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[Mol:WA-Naphthopyron.Mol|WA-Naphthopyron]]
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
| wA
 
| wA
 
| Aspergillus nidulans
 
| Aspergillus nidulans
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:WA-Naphthopyron.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Zaragozic Acids A.Mol|Zaragozic Acids A]]
 
| [[Mol:Zaragozic Acids A.Mol|Zaragozic Acids A]]
 +
| [[Image:Zaragozic Acids A.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Sporomiella intermedia, Leptodontium elatius
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 +
| Sporomiella intermedia, Leptodontium elatius
 
|  
 
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
| [[Image:Zaragozic Acids A.Mol.png]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Mol:Zearalenone.Mol|Zearalenone]]
 
| [[Mol:Zearalenone.Mol|Zearalenone]]
 +
| [[Image:Zearalenone.Mol.png]]
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
| Dewick2009
 
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
−
|  
+
| Dewick2009
−
|
+
−
|
+
−
| [[Image:Zearalenone.Mol.png]]
+
 
|}
 
|}

Latest revision as of 02:00, 7 March 2010

name Image Size C2 PKS gene organism Ref
1,3,8-Trihydroxyaceto-Naphthalene 1,3,8-Trihydroxyaceto-Naphthalene.Mol.png 12 6 Aspergillus parvulus Herbert1989
1,3-Dihydroxy-N-Methylacridone 1,3-Dihydroxy-N-Methylacridone.Mol.png 3 Acridone synthase Dewick2009
3,8-Dihydroxy-1-Methylanthraquinone-2-Carboxylic Acid 3,8-Dihydroxy-1-Methylanthraquinone-2-Carboxylic Acid.Mol.png Staunton&Weissman2001
4-Hydroxy-2-Quinolone 4-Hydroxy-2-Quinolone.Mol.png 1 Dewick2009
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-Methylchromone 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-Methylchromone.Mol.png 10 5 Pentaketide chromone synthase Ammi visnaga Dewick2009
5-Methylorsellinic Acid 5-Methylorsellinic Acid.Mol.png 8 4 Aspergillus flaviceps Dewick2009
6-Deoxy-Erythronolide B 6-Deoxy-Erythronolide B.Mol.png DEBS Dewick2009
6-Methoxymellein 6-Methoxymellein.Mol.png 5 Dewick2009
6-Methyl Salicylic Acid 6-Methyl Salicylic Acid.Mol.png 8 4 6-MSAS/P. patulum(ATX/Aspergillus terreus) atX Penicillium patulum, Aspergillus terreus S. Gaisser, A. Trefzer, S. Stckert, A. Kirshning and A. Bechthold, J. Bacteriol., 1997, 179, 6271?6278.;Staunton&Weissman2001
Actinorhodin Actinorhodin.Mol.png 16 8 act Streptomyces coelicolor Herbert1989
Adhyperforin Adhyperforin.Mol.png Hypericum perforatum Dewick2009
Aflatoxin B1 Aflatoxin B1.Mol.png 14 10 PKSL1/Aspergillus parasiticus=PKSA pksL1/Aspergillus parasiticus (Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB,AflN,AflM,OmtB,OmtA,OrdA) Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
Aflatoxin B2 Aflatoxin B2.Mol.png Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus Dewick2009
Aflatoxin G1 Aflatoxin G1.Mol.png 11 10 (Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB,AflN,AflM,OmtB,OmtA,OrdA) Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
Aflatoxin G2 Aflatoxin G2.Mol.png Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus Dewick2009
Aflatoxin M1 Aflatoxin M1.Mol.png Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus Dewick2009
Aloe-Emodin Aloe-Emodin.Mol.png 15 8 Aloe ferox Dewick2009;
Aloesaponarin II Aloesaponarin II.Mol.png Staunton&Weissman2001;Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
Alternapyrone Alternapyrone.Mol.png 20 10 PKSN alt5 from Alternaria solani 2005,Fujii et al.An iterative type I polyketide synthase PKSN catalyzes synthesis of the decaketide alternapyrone with regio-specific octa-methylation.Chem Biol.
Alternaric Acid Alternaric Acid.Mol.png 17 6 Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternata (formerly known as A. kikuchiana) Herbert1989
Alternariol Alternariol.Mol.png 14 7 Alternaria tenuis Herbert1989
Amphotericin B Amphotericin B.Mol.png Dewick2009
Andrimid Andrimid .Mol.png
Aschochitin File:Aschochitin.Mol.png Herbert1989
Ascomycin Ascomycin.Mol.png Dewick2009
Aslaniol Aslaniol.Mol.png PKSF from A. solani 2009,Fujii.Heterologous expression systems for polyketide synthases.Nat Prod Rep.
Aslanipyrone Aslanipyrone.Mol.png PKSF from A. solani 2009,Fujii.Heterologous expression systems for polyketide synthases.Nat Prod Rep.
Asperlactone Asperlactone.Mol.png 8 5 Aspergillus melleus Herbert1989
Asperlin Asperlin.Mol.png 8 5 Aspergillus nidulans Herbert1989
Aspyridone A Aspyridone A.Mol.png Aspergillus nidulans 2007,Bergmann et al.Genomics-driven discovery of PKS-NRPS hybrid metabolites from Aspergillus nidulans.Nat Chem Biol.;Challis2008
Aspyridone B Aspyridone B.Mol.png Challis2008
Aspyrone Aspyrone.Mol.png 7 5 Aspergillus melleus Herbert1989
Asteltoxin Asteltoxin.Mol.png 9 Aspergillus stellatus Herbert1989 ;Kruger,G.J.,Steyn,P.S.,Vleggaar,R.,andRabie,C.J.(1979).X-raycrystalstructureofasteltoxin,anovelmycotoxinfrom Aspergillusstellatus Curzi.J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun. 441?442.
Astepyrone Astepyrone.Mol.png 4 Aspergillus terreus Herbert1989
Atrochrysone Atrochrysone.Mol.png 15 8 Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp Dewick2009;
Atrochrysone Carboxylic Acid Atrochrysone Carboxylic Acid.Mol.png 16 8 Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp Dewick2009;
Aureothin Aureothin.Mol.png Streptomyces thioluteus Herbert1989
Aurovertin File:Aurovertin.Mol.png Streptomyces thioluteus
Austdiol Austdiol.Mol.png 5 Herbert1989 ;1983J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun_Evidence for a mono-oxygenase mechanism in the biosynthesis of austdiol
Avenaciolide Avenaciolide.Mol.png Herbert1989
Averantin Averantin.Mol.png 20 10 Nor-1;StcE Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009
Avermectin B1a Avermectin B1A.Mol.png Dewick2009
Avermectin B2a Avermectin B2A.Mol.png Dewick2009
Averufin Averufin.Mol.png 20 10 Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA,AdhA Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009
Avilamycin Avilamycin.Mol.png Dewick2009
Barnol Barnol.Mol.png 9 4 Penicillium baarnense Herbert1989
Benzophenone Benzophenone.Mol.png 14 7 Penicillium griseofulvin Dewick2009;Herbert1989
Bikaverin Bikaverin.Mol.png 18 9 Bikaverin nonaketide synthase PKS4 from Gibberella fujikuroi Gibberella fujikuroi Herbert1989
Botryodiplodin Botryodiplodin.Mol.png 4 Herbert1989
Brefeldin A Brefeldin A.Mol.png 16 8 Penicillium decumbens, Penicillium brefeldianum, Penicillium cyaneum, Aspergillus clavatus,Eupenicillium brefeldianum, Herbert1989
Brevetoxin A Brevetoxin A.Mol.png Karenia brevis Dewick2009
Brevetoxin B Brevetoxin B.Mol.png Karenia brevis Dewick2009
C-1027 C-1027.Mol.png
Calichemicin Gamma1 Calichemicin Gamma1.Mol.png Micromonospora echinospora 2009,Belecki et al.Production of octaketide polyenes by the calicheamicin polyketide synthase CalE8: implications for the biosynthesis of enediyne core structures.J Am Chem Soc
Cannabidiol Cannabidiol.Mol.png Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae) Dewick2009
Cannabigerolic Acid Cannabigerolic Acid.Mol.png Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae) Dewick2009
Cannabinol Cannabinol.Mol.png Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae) Dewick2009
Cercosporin Cercosporin.Mol.png 7 Cercospora sp, Cercospora kikuchii Herbert1989
Chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline.Mol.png 19 8 oxy PKS (otc) OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI,OxyF,OxyL,OxyG,OxyQ,OxyR,OxyT,OxyS,OxyE,TchA Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces aureofaciens Dewick2009
Chrysomycin A Chrysomycin A.Mol.png 17 9 Streptomyces sp Herbert1989
Chrysomycin B Chrysomycin B.Mol.png 17 9 Streptomyces sp Herbert1989
Chrysophanol Chrysophanol.Mol.png 15 8 Asahina chrysantha, Cassia angustifolia Dewick2009;
Chrysophanol Anthrone Chrysophanol Anthrone.Mol.png 15 8 Asahina chrysantha, Cassia angustifolia Dewick2009;
Ciguatoxin I Ciguatoxin I.Mol.png Gymnothorax javanicus, Lutjanus bohar Dewick2009
Citreomontanin Citreomontanin.Mol.png Penicillium pedemontanum 1981,Sylvie Rebuffat, Daniel Davoust and Darius Molho, Phytochemistry, Biosynthesis of citreomontanin in Penicillium pedemontanum
Citreoviridin Citreoviridin.Mol.png Sakabe,N.,Goto,T.,andHirata,Y.(1977).Structureofcitreoviridin,amycotoxinproducedby Penicilliumcitreo-viride molded onrice.Tetrahedron 33,3077?3081.;Niwa,M.,Endo,T.,Ogiso,S.,Furukawa,H.,andYamamura,S. (1981).Twonewpyrones,metabolitesof Penicilliumcitreo-viride Biouge.Chem.Lett.(Jpn)1285?1288
Citrinin Citrinin.Mol.png 10 5 Penicillium citrinum Herbert1989
Clavatol Clavatol.Mol.png 8 4 Aspergillus clavatus Herbert1989
Coarctatin Coarctatin.Mol.png 8 4 Herbert1989
Colletodiol Colletodiol.Mol.png 8 7(4+3) Cytospora spp Herbert1989 ;1993Biosynthesis of colletodiol and related polyketide macrodiolides in Cytospora sp. ATCC 20502 : synthesis and metabolism of advanced intermediates
Compactin Compactin.Mol.png
Curvularin Curvularin.Mol.png 16 8 Penicillium sp FP1768, Penicillium baradicum Hellllinrll Osporiulll Herbert1989
Deoxyherquienone Deoxyherquienone.Mol.png 15 7 Herbert1989
Deoxyradicin Deoxyradicin.Mol.png 11 6 Herbert1989
Dihydroisocoumarin Dihydroisocoumarin.Mol.png 10 5 Aspergillus terreus Herbert1989
Diplosporin Diplosporin.Mol.png 10 5 Diplodia macrospora Herbert1989 ;1983, Charles P. Gorst-Allman, Pieter S. Steyn and Robert Vleggaar, Biosynthesis of diplosporin by Diplodia macrospora. Part 2. Investigation of ring formation using stable isotopes. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1,?1357 - 1359
Discodermolide Discodermolide.Mol.png Dewick2009
Doramectin Doramectin.Mol.png Dewick2009
Dothistromin Dothistromin.Mol.png
Doxorubicin Doxorubicin.Mol.png Streptomyces peuceticus Dewick2009
Emodin Emodin.Mol.png 15 8 Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia Dewick2009;
Emodin Anthrone Emodin Anthrone.Mol.png 15 8 Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia Dewick2009;
Emodin Dianthrone Emodin Dianthrone.Mol.png Dewick2009
Endocrocin Endocrocin.Mol.png 16 8 Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia Dewick2009;
Endocrocin Anthrone Endocrocin Anthrone.Mol.png 16 8 Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia Dewick2009;
Enniatin B Enniatin B.Mol.png
Enterocin Enterocin.Mol.png Streptomyces maritimus
Epothilone A Epothilone A.Mol.png Dewick2009
Epothilone B Epothilone B.Mol.png Dewick2009
Epothilone C Epothilone C.Mol.png Dewick2009
Epothilone D Epothilone D.Mol.png Dewick2009
Epoxydon Epoxydon.Mol.png 7 4 Phyllosticta sp Herbert1989 ;1975 Biosynthesis of Epoxydon and Related Compounds by Phyllosticta sp. Agric. Bioi. Chem. ( Japan), 39,409-13
Epsilon-Pyrromycinone Epsilon-Pyrromycinone.Mol.png 20 9 Herbert1989
Erythromycin Erythromycin.Mol.png Dewick2009
Flavipin Flavipin.Mol.png 8 4 Aspergillus flaviceps Herbert1989
Fumigatin Fumigatin.Mol.png 7 4 Aspergillus fumigatus Herbert1989
Fumonisin B1 Fumonisin B1.Mol.png FUM5 Fusarium verticillioides, Gibberella fujikuroi
Furanomycin Furanomycin.Mol.png 7 3 Herbert1989
Geldanamycin Geldanamycin.Mol.png
Griseofulvin Griseofulvin.Mol.png 14 7 Penicillium griseofulvin Dewick2009;Herbert1989
Griseophenone B Griseophenone B.Mol.png 14 7 Penicillium griseofulvin Dewick2009;Herbert1989
Griseophenone C Griseophenone C.Mol.png 14 7 Penicillium griseofulvin Dewick2009;Herbert1989
Halichondrin B Halichondrin B.Mol.png Halichondria okadai Dewick2009
Humulone Humulone.Mol.png 13 3 Humulus lululus (hop; Cannabaceae) Dewick2009
Hyperforin Hyperforin.Mol.png 17 3 Hypericum perforatum Dewick2009
Hypericin Hypericin.Mol.png Dermocybe spp Dewick2009
Islandicin Islandicin.Mol.png 15 8 Penicillium islandicum Dewick2009;Herbert1989
Isoepoxydon Isoepoxydon.Mol.png Penicillium patulum (=Penicillium urticae)
Isousnic Acid Isousnic Acid.Mol.png 14 4 Usnea spp, Cladonia spp Dewick2009;Herbert1989
Ivermectin Ivermectin.Mol.png Dewick2009
Khellin Khellin.Mol.png 11 5 Pentaketide chromone synthase Ammi visnaga Dewick2009
Lasalocid Lasalocid.Mol.png Streptomyces lasaliensis Dewick2009
Lecanoric Acid Lecanoric Acid.Mol.png 8 4 Umbilicaria arctica, Umbilicaria nylanderiana Dewick2009;Herbert1989
Leucomycin A1 Leucomycin A1.Mol.png Herbert1989
LL-D253alpha Ll-D253Alpha.Mol.png 11 6 Phoma pigmentivora Herbert1989
Lovastatin Lovastatin.Mol.png yeast LOVB=LNKS, LovF=LDKS loVF Aspergillus terreus
M-Cresol M-Cresol.Mol.png 7 4 Aspergillus fumigatus Dewick2009
Melanin Melanin.Mol.png ALB1=PKSP,PKS1 Aspergillus fumigatus, Nodulisporium sp
Mellein Mellein.Mol.png 10 5 Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus ochraceus Herbert1989 ;2003_Natural Products_ the Secondary Metabolites (Tutorial Chemistry Texts)
Methylphloracetophenone Methylphloracetophenone.Mol.png 8 4 Usnea spp, Cladonia spp Dewick2009;Herbert1989
Mollisin Mollisin.Mol.png 11 8(8,3+5) Mollisia caesia Herbert1989
Monensin A Monensin A.Mol.png Streptomyces cinnamonensis Herbert1989
Multicolic Acid Multicolic Acid.Mol.png 10 6 Penicillium multicolor Herbert1989 ;1998,Application of Isotopic Methods to Secondary Metabolic Pathways. Thomas J.Simpson. Topics in Current Chemistry,Vol.195
Mycolactone Mycolactone.Mol.png Mycobacterium ulcerans
Mycophenolic Acid Mycophenolic Acid.Mol.png 12 4 Penicillium brevicompactum Dewick2009;Herbert1989
Myxalamide Myxalamide.Mol.png MxaC-1 Stigmatella aurantiaca 2007,Pulsawat et al.Characterization of biosynthetic gene cluster for the production of virginiamycin M, a streptogramin type A antibiotic, in Streptomyces virginiae.Gene.
Myxothiazol A Myxothiazol A.Mol.png Stigmatella aurantiaca
Myxothiazol Z Myxothiazol Z.Mol.png Stigmatella aurantiaca
Niddamycin Niddamycin.Mol.png Streptomyces caelestis
Norsolorinic Acid Norsolorinic Acid.Mol.png 20 10 norsolorinic acid(NA) PKS A?A/B(A.parasiticus); StcJ/K(A.nidulans) Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus SanchezEtal2008;Dewick2009
Nystatin Nystatin.Mol.png Streptomyces noursei Dewick2009
Ochratoxin A Ochratoxin A.Mol.png otapks of A. ochraceus; otapksPN gene from P. nordicum; ACpks from A. carbonarius Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium viridicatum,Penicillium verrucosum, Penicillium nordicum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus carbonarius 1979,Huff and Hamilton, W.E. Huff and P.B. Hamilton, Mycotoxins?their biosynthesis in fungi: ochratoxins?metabolites of combined pathways, Journal of Food Protection 42 (1979), pp. 815?820.;2001Harris and Mantle, J.P. Harris and P.G. Mantle, Biosynthesis of ochratoxins by Aspergillus ochraceus, Phytochemistry 58 (2001), pp. 709?716;2009,Gallo et al.Characterisation of a pks gene which is expressed during ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus carbonarius.Int J Food Microbiol.
Ochrephilone Ochrephilone.Mol.png 17 10(8+2) Penicillium multicolor Herbert1989
Okadaic Acid Okadaic Acid.Mol.png Dinophysis sp, Prorocentrum lima Dewick2009
Oleandomycin Oleandomycin.Mol.png Streptomyces antibioticus Dewick2009
Olivetolic Acid Olivetolic Acid.Mol.png 4 Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae) Dewick2009
O-Methylasparvenone O-Methylasparvenone.Mol.png 12 6 Aspergillus parvulus Herbert1989 ; 1982, Application of?2H?-isotopic shifts in?13C n.m.r. spectra to biosynthetic studies. Incorporation of [1-13C,?2H3]acetate into?O-methylasparvenone in?Aspergillus parvulus. J. Chem. SOC., Chem. Commun.,1074.
Orcinol Orcinol.Mol.png 7 2 Aspergillus fumigatus Herbert1989
Orsellinic Acid Orsellinic Acid.Mol.png 8 4 Orsellinic acid synthase (OSAS) aviM Streptomyces viridochromogenes, Penicillium madriti Dewick2009;G.-L. Tang and W. Liu, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2006,345, 133?139.
Oxytetracycline Oxytetracycline.Mol.png 19 10 oxy PKS (otc) OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI,OxyF,OxyL,OxyG,OxyQ,OxyR,OxyT,OxyS,OxyE,TchA Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces aureofaciens Dewick2009
Palitantin Palitantin.Mol.png 14 7 Penicillium palitans Herbert1989
Patulin Patulin.Mol.png 6 4 MSAS;ATX(=MSAS) Aspergillus clavatus,Aspergillus terreus,Penicillium patulum (=Penicillium urticae) Dewick2009;1971,Aberhart and Caspi.The fate of the 6 alpha-hydrogen of 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol in the conversion to 7-dehydrocholesterol by rat liver microsomes.J Biol Chem.
Penicillic Acid Penicillic Acid.Mol.png 6 4 Penicillium cyclopium, Penicillium baarnense Herbert1989; Dewick2009
Phloracetophenone Phloracetophenone.Mol.png 8 4 Aspergillus clavatus
Phlorisobutyrophenone Phlorisobutyrophenone.Mol.png 3 Isobutyrophenonesynthase(BUS) Hypericum calycinum Dewick2009
Phlorisovalerophenone Phlorisovalerophenone.Mol.png 3 phlorisovalerophenone synthase(VPS) Humulus lululus (hop; Cannabaceae) Dewick2009
Physcion Physcion.Mol.png 15 8 Penicillium sp, Rhamnus sp, Rumex sp, Cassia angustifolia Dewick2009;
Picromycin Picromycin.Mol.png Streptomyces venezuelae Herbert1989
Pimaricin Pimaricin.Mol.png
Platenomycin File:Platenomycin.Mol.png Herbert1989
Pretetramide Pretetramide.Mol.png 19 9 oxy PKS (otc) OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI Streptomyces rimosus,Streptomyces aureofaciens Dewick2009
Protohypericin Protohypericin.Mol.png Streptomyces natalensis Dewick2009
Pyochelin Pyochelin.Mol.png Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pyoluteorin Pyoluteorin.Mol.png
Radicin Radicin.Mol.png 11 6 Herbert1989
Rapamycin Rapamycin.Mol.png Streptomyces hygroscopicus Dewick2009
Ravenilin Ravenilin.Mol.png 12 8 Helminthosporium ravenelii, Helminthosporium turcicum Herbert1989
Rhein Rhein.Mol.png 15 8 Cassia angustifolia 2002,Dewick.Medicinal natural products : a biosynthetic approach.Wiley;Dewick2009;
Rifabutin Rifabutin.Mol.png Dewick2009
Rifamycin B Rifamycin B.Mol.png Amycolatopsis mediterranei Dewick2009
Rifapentine Rifapentine.Mol.png Dewick2009
Rosellisin Rosellisin.Mol.png 8 4 Herbert1989
Rubrofusarin Rubrofusarin.Mol.png
Rubropunctatin Rubropunctatin.Mol.png 17 6 Monascus pilosus Herbert1989
Sclerin Sclerin.Mol.png 9 5 Sclerotinia spp Herbert1989
Sclerotinin A Sclerotinin A.Mol.png 10 5 Sclerotinia spp Herbert1989
SEK4 Sek4.Mol.png 16 8 octaketide synthase OKS Escherichia coli Dewick2009
SEK4b Sek4B.Mol.png 16 8 octaketide synthase OKS Escherichia coli Dewick2009
Selamectin Selamectin.Mol.png Dewick2009
Sennidin A Sennidin A.Mol.png 8 Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia) Dewick2009
Sennidin B Sennidin B.Mol.png 8 Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia) Dewick2009
Sennidin C Sennidin C.Mol.png 8 Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia) Dewick2009
Sennidin D Sennidin D.Mol.png 8 Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia) Dewick2009
Sennosides A Sennosides A.Mol.png 8 Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia) Dewick2009
Sennosides B Sennosides B.Mol.png 8 Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia) Dewick2009
Sennosides C Sennosides C.Mol.png 8 Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia) Dewick2009
Sennosides D Sennosides D.Mol.png 8 Cassia angustifolia, Cassia senna (syn Cassia acutifolia) Dewick2009
Sepedonin Sepedonin.Mol.png 5
Siccanin Siccanin.Mol.png Helminthosporium siccans Herbert1989
Silvaticamide Silvaticamide.Mol.png 17 8(12) Aspergillus silvaticus Herbert1989 ;1985 CPB_Biosynthesis of Silvaticamide, a Toxin from Aspergillus silvaticus
SMA76a Sma76A.Mol.png 18 9 pks4 from Gibberlla fujikuroi Herbert1989
SMA76b Sma76B.Mol.png 9 pks4 from Gibberlla fujikuroi Herbert1989
SMA76c Sma76C.Mol.png 9 pks4 from Gibberlla fujikuroi Herbert1989
Soraphen A Soraphen A.Mol.png Sorangium cellulosum
Spinulosin Spinulosin.Mol.png Aspergillus fumigatus
Spiramycin I Spiramycin I.Mol.png
Sterigmatocystin Sterigmatocystin.Mol.png 15 10 NSAS,PKS-st(STCA) Aspergillus nidulans(pksST)(stcA)(Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB,AflN,AflM,OmtB) Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009;2009,Hertweck.The biosynthetic logic of polyketide diversity.Angew Chem Int Ed Engl.
Stigmatellin A Stigmatellin A.Mol.png Stigmatella aurantiaca
Stipitatonic Acid Stipitatonic Acid.Mol.png 9 4 Penicillium stipitatum Herbert1989 ;1963,Bentley.Biosynthesis of tropolones in Penicillium stipitatum.h J Biol Chem.
Sulochrin Sulochrin.Mol.png 13 8 Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus Herbert1989
Tacrolimus Tacrolimus.Mol.png Streptomyces sp Dewick2009
Tajixanthone Tajixanthone.Mol.png 20 8(12) Aspergillus variecolor Herbert1989
Tennellin Tennellin.Mol.png
Terrein Terrein.Mol.png 8 5 Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus Herbert1989
Terrequinone A Terrequinone A.Mol.png Aspergillus nidulans 2007,Corre and Challis.Heavy tools for genome mining.Chem Biol.;[8]2007,Bouhired et al.Accurate prediction of the Aspergillus nidulans terrequinone gene cluster boundaries using the transcriptional regulator LaeA.Fungal Genet Biol.
Tetracenomycin F2 Tetracenomycin F2.Mol.png tcm Streptomyces glaucescens 2008,Ames et al.Crystal structure and functional analysis of tetracenomycin ARO/CYC: implications for cyclization specificity of aromatic polyketides.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
Tetracycline Tetracycline.Mol.png 19 9 oxy PKS (otc) OxyD,OxyA,OxyB,OxyC,OxyP,OxyJ,OxyK, OxyJ, OxyN,OxyI,OxyF,OxyL,OxyG,OxyQ,OxyR,OxyT,OxyS,OxyE,TchA Streptomyces rimosus,Streptomyces aureofaciens Dewick2009
Tetrahydro Cannabinol Tetrahydro Cannabinol.Mol.png Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp; Cannabaceae) Dewick2009
Tetrahydroxynaphthalene Tetrahydroxynaphthalene.Mol.png 10 5 tetrahydroxynaphthalene synthase (THNS);RppA pks1, from Colletotrichum lagenarium Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces coelicolor, Colletotrichum lagenarium 2001,Pfeifer and Khosla.Biosynthesis of polyketides in heterologous hosts.Microbiol Mol Biol Rev.;2007,American Chemical Society. Meeting (229th : 2005 : San Diego Calif.) et al.Polyketides : biosynthesis, biological activity, and genetic engineering.American Chemical Society : Distributed by Oxford University Press
Triacetic Acid Lactone Triacetic Acid Lactone.Mol.png 6 3 2-pyrone synthase Gerbera hybrida 2005BB_Microbial Synthesis of Triacetic Acid Lactone
Trypacidin Trypacidin.Mol.png Aspergillus fumigatus
T-Toxin T-Toxin.Mol.png PKS1 Cochliobolus heterostrophus
Tylactone Tylactone.Mol.png Streptomyces fradiae
Tylosin Tylosin.Mol.png Streptomyces fradiae Dewick2009
Urushiol III Urushiol III.Mol.png Toxicodendron radicans,Toxicodendron toxicaria Dewick2009
Usnic Acid Usnic Acid.Mol.png 14(8,8) 8(4,4) Usnea spp, Cladonia spp, Flavocetraria cucculata, Flavocetraria nivalis Dewick2009;
Variotin Variotin.Mol.png 12 6 Herbert1989
Versicolorin A Versicolorin A.Mol.png 17 10 Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS, VerB Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
Versicolorin B Versicolorin B.Mol.png 17 10 Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA, AdhA, AvfA, EstA,VBS Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
Versiconal Versiconal.Mol.png 17 10 Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA,AdhA,AvfA,EstA Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
Versiconal Acetate Versiconal Acetate.Mol.png 17 10 Fas1,Fas2,PksA,Nor-1,AvnA,AdhA,AvfA Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus Yabe&Nakajima2004;Dewick2009
Visnagin Visnagin.Mol.png 11 5 Pentaketide chromone synthase Ammi visnaga Dewick2009
WA-Naphthopyron Wa-Naphthopyron.Mol.png wA Aspergillus nidulans
Zaragozic Acids A Zaragozic Acids A.Mol.png Sporomiella intermedia, Leptodontium elatius
Zearalenone Zearalenone.Mol.png Dewick2009
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