Adm: /* Anthraquinone */

2011-07-16T07:51:17Z

‎Anthraquinone

Adm: Created page with "==Anthraquinone== For alzarin and kermisic acid, KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (alum) is the common mordant. {| ! Name ! CAS ! Color ! Source |- | Alizarin || [72-48-0] || red | Madder plant..."

2011-07-16T06:41:57Z

Created page with "==Anthraquinone== For alzarin and kermisic acid, KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (alum) is the common mordant. {| ! Name ! CAS ! Color ! Source |- | Alizarin || [72-48-0] || red | Madder plant..."

New page

==Anthraquinone==
For alzarin and kermisic acid, KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (alum) is the common mordant.

{|
! Name
! CAS
! Color
! Source
|-
| Alizarin || [72-48-0] || red
| Madder plants in [[:Category:Rubiaceae|Rubiaceae]], especially ''[[Species:Rubia|Rubia]] tinctorum'', and ''R. peregrina'' produce a glycoside (ruberythric acid [152-84-1]) in roots (1-2 %).
|-
| Kermisic acid || [476-35-7] || red
| ''[[Species:Kermes|Kermes]] ilicis'' (oriental shield louse), which infest the holm oak [[Species:Quercus|Quercus]] ilex'' and the shurub oak ''Q. coccifera''.
|-
| Carminic acid || [1260-17-9] || red
| [[Species:Daetylopius|Daetylopius]] coccus (cochineal insect) in family Coccidae, order Homoptera. Carmine [1390-65-4], the only animal-derived food dye, is its aluminum lake. Aztecs red. Nowadays Peru and the Canary islands are the main source.
|-
| Laccaic acid || [6219-66-5] || red
| Coccus laccae (small insect in India and SE Asia)
|}

==Naphtoquinone==

{|
! Name
! CAS
! Color
! Source
|-
| Lawsone || [83-72-7] || yellow
| ''[[Species:Lawsone|Lawsone]] alba'' (henna or Egyptian privet). Mohammed dyed his beard with henna.
|-
| Lapacol || [84-79-7] || yellow
| ''[[Species:Tecoma|Tecoma]]'' species (tree in West Indies and South America)
|-
| Juglone || [481-39-0] || brown
| ''[[Species:Juglans|Juglans]] cinerea'' (butternuts), ''J. regia'' (Persian salnuts), ''J. nigra'' (black walnuts) in [[:Category:Juglandaceae|Juglandaceae]]
|-
| Alkannin || [577-88-4] || red
| ''[[Species:Anchusa|Anchusa]] tinctoria'', ''[[Species:Alkanna|Alkanna]] tinctoria'' in [[:Category:Boraginaceae|Boraginaceae]]
|-
|Shikonin || [517-89-5] || red
| ''[[Species:Lithospermum|Lithospermum]] erythrorhizon'' in Boraginaceae. The color of Tokyo violet. Its racemate is Shikalkin [54952-43-1].
|-
|}

==Benzopyrone==

===Flavone===
Flavone dyes require a mordant that chelate positions
{|
! Name
! CAS
! Color
! Source
|-
| quercetin || [117-39-5] || yellow ||
|-
| kaempferol || [520-18-3] || yellow ||
|-
| chrysin || [480-40-0] || yellow ||
|-
| luteolin || [491-70-3] || yellow || Oldest known European dye, originally from ''[[Species:Reseda|Reseda]] luteola''. The yellow color of Vestal Virgins in ancient Romans, and green colors (with indigotin) named as Lincoln green and Saxon green.
|}

===Anthocyanin===

Anthocyanins are not used as industrial dyes because of its pH sensitivity.
Only two deoxyanthocyanidins were formerly used as dyes.

{|
! Name
! CAS
! Color
! Source
|-
| carajurin || [491-93-0] || ?
|-
| dracorhodin || [643-56-1] || ?
|}

===Others===

{|
! Name
! CAS
! Color
! Source
|-
| Logwood || [8005-32-2] || black
| ''[[Species:Haematoxylon|Haematoxylon]]'' species. Oxidized form is haematein [475-25-2], whose leuco form is haematoxylin [517-28-2].
|-
| Brazilwood || [8005-32-1] || red
| ''[[Species:Caesalpina|Caesalpina]]'' species. Oxidized form is brazilein [600-76-0], whose leuco form is brazilin [474-07-7].
|}

==Indigoid==
{|
! Name
! CAS
! Color
! Source
|-
| indigotin || [482-89-3] || blue
| ''[[Species:Indigo|Indigo]] tinctoria'' and ''I. suffruticosa'' (2-4%). Its precursor is indican [487-60-5], dextrose derivative of indoxyl [480-93-3]. Indigo came to Europe only after 12th century, where ''[[Species:Isatis|Isatis]] tinctoris'' (woad) had been used, and became widespread as late as in 17th century.
|-
| 6,6'-bromoindigotin <br/>or Tyrian purple || [19201-53-7] ? [19201-58-7] || purple
| ''Mulex'' species (e.g. ''M. brandaris'', ''M. trunculus'') and ''Purpura'' species (mollusk) Each mollusk produces only 0.12 mg. Its precursor is tyriverdin and tyrindoxyl sulfate [74626-31-6].
|}

==Carotenoid==

==Betalaine==

Betalaines contain two groups of pigments: the red betacyanins and the yellow betaxanthins. Both are found in beets ([[Species:Beta|Beta]] vulgaris). Although unaffected by pH, they are heat sensitive.

{|
! Name
! CAS
! Color
! Source
|-
| betanin || [7659-95-2] || yellow || Its aglycon is batanidin [32729-84-8].
|}

==Others==

{|
! Name
! CAS
! Color
! Source
|-
| curcumin<br/>or turmeric || [458-37-7] || yellow
| ''[[Species:Curcuma|Curcuma]] tinctoria''. The dye is oil-soluble and requires no mordant.
|-
| chlorophyll || [8049-84-1] || green
| Water-insoluble. By hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide, chlorophyllin, phytol and methanol result. Chlorophyllin salt is heat stable.
|}

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 For alzarin and kermisic acid, KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (alum) is the common mordant.
-{|
+{| class="wikitable"
 ! Name
 ! CAS
@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 |-
 | Kermisic acid || [476-35-7] || red
-| ''[[Species:Kermes|Kermes]] ilicis'' (oriental shield louse), which infest the holm oak [[Species:Quercus|Quercus]] ilex'' and the shurub oak ''Q. coccifera''.
+| ''[[Species:Kermes|Kermes]] ilicis'' (oriental shield louse), which infest the holm oak [[Species:Quercus|Quercus]] ilex and the shurub oak Q. coccifera.
 |-
 | Carminic acid || [1260-17-9] || red

Doc:Dye - Revision history

Adm: /* Anthraquinone */

Adm: Created page with "==Anthraquinone== For alzarin and kermisic acid, KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (alum) is the common mordant. {| ! Name ! CAS ! Color ! Source |- | Alizarin || [72-48-0] || red | Madder plant..."